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waiting for input: auto-logout -%s or -o option -ilrsD or -c command or -O shopt_option (invocation only) malloc: %s:%d: assertion botched (wd: %s) (core dumped) line $%s: cannot assign in this way%c%c: invalid option%d: invalid file descriptor: %s%s can be invoked via %s has null exportstr%s is %s %s is a function %s is a shell builtin %s is a shell keyword %s is a special shell builtin %s is aliased to `%s' %s is hashed (%s) %s is not bound to any keys. %s out of range%s%s%s: %s (error token is "%s")%s: %s%s: %s out of range%s: %s: bad interpreter%s: %s: cannot open as FILE%s: %s: compatibility value out of range%s: %s: invalid value for trace file descriptor%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array%s: %s:%d: cannot allocate %lu bytes%s: %s:%d: cannot allocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)%s: Is a directory%s: ambiguous job spec%s: ambiguous redirect%s: arguments must be process or job IDs%s: assigning integer to name reference%s: bad network path specification%s: bad substitution%s: binary operator expected%s: cannot allocate %lu bytes%s: cannot allocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)%s: cannot assign%s: cannot assign fd to variable%s: cannot assign list to array member%s: cannot assign to non-numeric index%s: cannot convert associative to indexed array%s: cannot convert indexed to associative array%s: cannot create: %s%s: cannot delete: %s%s: cannot destroy array variables in this way%s: cannot execute binary file%s: cannot execute binary file: %s%s: cannot execute: %s%s: cannot execute: required file not found%s: cannot export%s: cannot get limit: %s%s: cannot inherit value from incompatible type%s: cannot modify limit: %s%s: cannot open temp file: %s%s: cannot open: %s%s: cannot overwrite existing file%s: cannot read: %s%s: cannot unset%s: cannot unset: readonly %s%s: circular name reference%s: command not found%s: dynamic builtin already loaded%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s %s: expression error %s: file is too large%s: file not found%s: first non-whitespace character is not `"'%s: hash table empty %s: history expansion failed%s: host unknown%s: illegal option -- %c %s: inlib failed%s: integer expression expected%s: invalid action name%s: invalid argument%s: invalid array origin%s: invalid callback quantum%s: invalid file descriptor specification%s: invalid indirect expansion%s: invalid limit argument%s: invalid line count%s: invalid option%s: invalid option name%s: invalid service%s: invalid shell option name%s: invalid signal specification%s: invalid timeout specification%s: invalid timestamp%s: invalid variable name%s: invalid variable name for name reference%s: is a directory%s: job %d already in background%s: job has terminated%s: line %d: %s: maximum function nesting level exceeded (%d)%s: maximum source nesting level exceeded (%d)%s: missing colon separator%s: nameref variable self references not allowed%s: no completion specification%s: no current jobs%s: no job control%s: no such job%s: not a function%s: not a regular file%s: not a shell builtin%s: not an array variable%s: not an indexed array%s: not dynamically loaded%s: not found%s: numeric argument required%s: option requires an argument%s: option requires an argument -- %c %s: parameter not set%s: parameter null or not set%s: quoted compound array assignment deprecated%s: readonly function%s: readonly variable%s: reference variable cannot be an array%s: removing nameref attribute%s: restricted%s: restricted: cannot redirect output%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names%s: substring expression < 0%s: unary operator expected%s: unbound variable%s: usage: %s: variable may not be assigned value' (( expression ))(core dumped) (wd now: %s) . filename [arguments]/dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port not supported without networking/tmp must be a valid directory nameABORT instructionAborting...Add directories to stack. Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories. Options: -n Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding directories to the stack, so only the stack is manipulated. Arguments: +N Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting from the left of the list shown by `dirs', starting with zero) is at the top. -N Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting from the right of the list shown by `dirs', starting with zero) is at the top. dir Adds DIR to the directory stack at the top, making it the new current working directory. The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory change fails.Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories. Options: -n Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding directories to the stack, so only the stack is manipulated. Arguments: +N Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting from the left of the list shown by `dirs', starting with zero) is at the top. -N Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting from the right of the list shown by `dirs', starting with zero) is at the top. dir Adds DIR to the directory stack at the top, making it the new current working directory. The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack.Alarm (profile)Alarm (virtual)Alarm clockArithmetic for loop. Equivalent to (( EXP1 )) while (( EXP2 )); do COMMANDS (( EXP3 )) done EXP1, EXP2, and EXP3 are arithmetic expressions. If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed.BPT trace/trapBad system callBogus signalBroken pipeBus errorCPU limitChange the shell working directory. Change the current directory to DIR. The default DIR is the value of the HOME shell variable. The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing DIR. Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name is the same as the current directory. If DIR begins with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used. If the directory is not found, and the shell option `cdable_vars' is set, the word is assumed to be a variable name. If that variable has a value, its value is used for DIR. Options: -L force symbolic links to be followed: resolve symbolic links in DIR after processing instances of `..' -P use the physical directory structure without following symbolic links: resolve symbolic links in DIR before processing instances of `..' -e if the -P option is supplied, and the current working directory cannot be determined successfully, exit with a non-zero status -@ on systems that support it, present a file with extended attributes as a directory containing the file attributes The default is to follow symbolic links, as if `-L' were specified. `..' is processed by removing the immediately previous pathname component back to a slash or the beginning of DIR. Exit Status: Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully when -P is used; non-zero otherwise.Child death or stopCommon shell variable names and usage. BASH_VERSION Version information for this Bash. CDPATH A colon-separated list of directories to search for directories given as arguments to `cd'. GLOBIGNORE A colon-separated list of patterns describing filenames to be ignored by pathname expansion. HISTFILE The name of the file where your command history is stored. HISTFILESIZE The maximum number of lines this file can contain. HISTSIZE The maximum number of history lines that a running shell can access. HOME The complete pathname to your login directory. HOSTNAME The name of the current host. HOSTTYPE The type of CPU this version of Bash is running under. IGNOREEOF Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an EOF character as the sole input. If set, then the value of it is the number of EOF characters that can be seen in a row on an empty line before the shell will exit (default 10). When unset, EOF signifies the end of input. MACHTYPE A string describing the current system Bash is running on. MAILCHECK How often, in seconds, Bash checks for new mail. MAILPATH A colon-separated list of filenames which Bash checks for new mail. OSTYPE The version of Unix this version of Bash is running on. PATH A colon-separated list of directories to search when looking for commands. PROMPT_COMMAND A command to be executed before the printing of each primary prompt. PS1 The primary prompt string. PS2 The secondary prompt string. PWD The full pathname of the current directory. SHELLOPTS A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. TERM The name of the current terminal type. TIMEFORMAT The output format for timing statistics displayed by the `time' reserved word. auto_resume Non-null means a command word appearing on a line by itself is first looked for in the list of currently stopped jobs. If found there, that job is foregrounded. A value of `exact' means that the command word must exactly match a command in the list of stopped jobs. A value of `substring' means that the command word must match a substring of the job. Any other value means that the command must be a prefix of a stopped job. histchars Characters controlling history expansion and quick substitution. The first character is the history substitution character, usually `!'. The second is the `quick substitution' character, usually `^'. The third is the `history comment' character, usually `#'. HISTIGNORE A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which commands should be saved on the history list. ContinueCopyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.Create a coprocess named NAME. Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell. The default NAME is "COPROC". Exit Status: The coproc command returns an exit status of 0.DEBUG warning: Define local variables. Create a local variable called NAME, and give it VALUE. OPTION can be any option accepted by `declare'. Local variables can only be used within a function; they are visible only to the function where they are defined and its children. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied, a variable assignment error occurs, or the shell is not executing a function.Define or display aliases. Without arguments, `alias' prints the list of aliases in the reusable form `alias NAME=VALUE' on standard output. Otherwise, an alias is defined for each NAME whose VALUE is given. A trailing space in VALUE causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded. Options: -p print all defined aliases in a reusable format Exit Status: alias returns true unless a NAME is supplied for which no alias has been defined.Define shell function. Create a shell function named NAME. When invoked as a simple command, NAME runs COMMANDs in the calling shell's context. When NAME is invoked, the arguments are passed to the function as $1...$n, and the function's name is in $FUNCNAME. Exit Status: Returns success unless NAME is readonly.Display directory stack. Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories find their way onto the list with the `pushd' command; you can get back up through the list with the `popd' command. Options: -c clear the directory stack by deleting all of the elements -l do not print tilde-prefixed versions of directories relative to your home directory -p print the directory stack with one entry per line -v print the directory stack with one entry per line prefixed with its position in the stack Arguments: +N Displays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero. -N Displays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs.Display information about builtin commands. Displays brief summaries of builtin commands. If PATTERN is specified, gives detailed help on all commands matching PATTERN, otherwise the list of help topics is printed. Options: -d output short description for each topic -m display usage in pseudo-manpage format -s output only a short usage synopsis for each topic matching PATTERN Arguments: PATTERN Pattern specifying a help topic Exit Status: Returns success unless PATTERN is not found or an invalid option is given.Display information about command type. For each NAME, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a command name. Options: -a display all locations containing an executable named NAME; includes aliases, builtins, and functions, if and only if the `-p' option is not also used -f suppress shell function lookup -P force a PATH search for each NAME, even if it is an alias, builtin, or function, and returns the name of the disk file that would be executed -p returns either the name of the disk file that would be executed, or nothing if `type -t NAME' would not return `file' -t output a single word which is one of `alias', `keyword', `function', `builtin', `file' or `', if NAME is an alias, shell reserved word, shell function, shell builtin, disk file, or not found, respectively Arguments: NAME Command name to be interpreted. Exit Status: Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not found.Display or execute commands from the history list. fc is used to list or edit and re-execute commands from the history list. FIRST and LAST can be numbers specifying the range, or FIRST can be a string, which means the most recent command beginning with that string. Options: -e ENAME select which editor to use. Default is FCEDIT, then EDITOR, then vi -l list lines instead of editing -n omit line numbers when listing -r reverse the order of the lines (newest listed first) With the `fc -s [pat=rep ...] [command]' format, COMMAND is re-executed after the substitution OLD=NEW is performed. A useful alias to use with this is r='fc -s', so that typing `r cc' runs the last command beginning with `cc' and typing `r' re-executes the last command. Exit Status: Returns success or status of executed command; non-zero if an error occurs.Display or manipulate the history list. Display the history list with line numbers, prefixing each modified entry with a `*'. An argument of N lists only the last N entries. Options: -c clear the history list by deleting all of the entries -d offset delete the history entry at position OFFSET. Negative offsets count back from the end of the history list -a append history lines from this session to the history file -n read all history lines not already read from the history file and append them to the history list -r read the history file and append the contents to the history list -w write the current history to the history file -p perform history expansion on each ARG and display the result without storing it in the history list -s append the ARGs to the history list as a single entry If FILENAME is given, it is used as the history file. Otherwise, if HISTFILE has a value, that is used, else ~/.bash_history. If the HISTTIMEFORMAT variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string for strftime(3) to print the time stamp associated with each displayed history entry. No time stamps are printed otherwise. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs.Display or set file mode mask. Sets the user file-creation mask to MODE. If MODE is omitted, prints the current value of the mask. If MODE begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is a symbolic mode string like that accepted by chmod(1). Options: -p if MODE is omitted, output in a form that may be reused as input -S makes the output symbolic; otherwise an octal number is output Exit Status: Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given.Display possible completions depending on the options. Intended to be used from within a shell function generating possible completions. If the optional WORD argument is supplied, matches against WORD are generated. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs.Display process times. Prints the accumulated user and system times for the shell and all of its child processes. Exit Status: Always succeeds.Display status of jobs. Lists the active jobs. JOBSPEC restricts output to that job. Without options, the status of all active jobs is displayed. Options: -l lists process IDs in addition to the normal information -n lists only processes that have changed status since the last notification -p lists process IDs only -r restrict output to running jobs -s restrict output to stopped jobs If -x is supplied, COMMAND is run after all job specifications that appear in ARGS have been replaced with the process ID of that job's process group leader. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs. If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND.Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories find their way onto the list with the `pushd' command; you can get back up through the list with the `popd' command. Options: -c clear the directory stack by deleting all of the elements -l do not print tilde-prefixed versions of directories relative to your home directory -p print the directory stack with one entry per line -v print the directory stack with one entry per line prefixed with its position in the stack Arguments: +N Displays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero. -N Displays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.DoneDone(%d)EMT instructionEnable and disable shell builtins. Enables and disables builtin shell commands. Disabling allows you to execute a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin without using a full pathname. Options: -a print a list of builtins showing whether or not each is enabled -n disable each NAME or display a list of disabled builtins -p print the list of builtins in a reusable format -s print only the names of Posix `special' builtins Options controlling dynamic loading: -f Load builtin NAME from shared object FILENAME -d Remove a builtin loaded with -f Without options, each NAME is enabled. To use the `test' found in $PATH instead of the shell builtin version, type `enable -n test'. Exit Status: Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs.Evaluate arithmetic expression. The EXPRESSION is evaluated according to the rules for arithmetic evaluation. Equivalent to `let "EXPRESSION"'. Exit Status: Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise.Evaluate arithmetic expressions. Evaluate each ARG as an arithmetic expression. Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. The following list of operators is grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence. id++, id-- variable post-increment, post-decrement ++id, --id variable pre-increment, pre-decrement -, + unary minus, plus !, ~ logical and bitwise negation ** exponentiation *, /, % multiplication, division, remainder +, - addition, subtraction <<, >> left and right bitwise shifts <=, >=, <, > comparison ==, != equality, inequality & bitwise AND ^ bitwise XOR | bitwise OR && logical AND || logical OR expr ? expr : expr conditional operator =, *=, /=, %=, +=, -=, <<=, >>=, &=, ^=, |= assignment Shell variables are allowed as operands. The name of the variable is replaced by its value (coerced to a fixed-width integer) within an expression. The variable need not have its integer attribute turned on to be used in an expression. Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules above. Exit Status: If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise.Evaluate conditional expression. Exits with a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evaluation of EXPR. Expressions may be unary or binary. Unary expressions are often used to examine the status of a file. There are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well. The behavior of test depends on the number of arguments. Read the bash manual page for the complete specification. File operators: -a FILE True if file exists. -b FILE True if file is block special. -c FILE True if file is character special. -d FILE True if file is a directory. -e FILE True if file exists. -f FILE True if file exists and is a regular file. -g FILE True if file is set-group-id. -h FILE True if file is a symbolic link. -L FILE True if file is a symbolic link. -k FILE True if file has its `sticky' bit set. -p FILE True if file is a named pipe. -r FILE True if file is readable by you. -s FILE True if file exists and is not empty. -S FILE True if file is a socket. -t FD True if FD is opened on a terminal. -u FILE True if the file is set-user-id. -w FILE True if the file is writable by you. -x FILE True if the file is executable by you. -O FILE True if the file is effectively owned by you. -G FILE True if the file is effectively owned by your group. -N FILE True if the file has been modified since it was last read. FILE1 -nt FILE2 True if file1 is newer than file2 (according to modification date). FILE1 -ot FILE2 True if file1 is older than file2. FILE1 -ef FILE2 True if file1 is a hard link to file2. String operators: -z STRING True if string is empty. -n STRING STRING True if string is not empty. STRING1 = STRING2 True if the strings are equal. STRING1 != STRING2 True if the strings are not equal. STRING1 < STRING2 True if STRING1 sorts before STRING2 lexicographically. STRING1 > STRING2 True if STRING1 sorts after STRING2 lexicographically. Other operators: -o OPTION True if the shell option OPTION is enabled. -v VAR True if the shell variable VAR is set. -R VAR True if the shell variable VAR is set and is a name reference. ! EXPR True if expr is false. EXPR1 -a EXPR2 True if both expr1 AND expr2 are true. EXPR1 -o EXPR2 True if either expr1 OR expr2 is true. arg1 OP arg2 Arithmetic tests. OP is one of -eq, -ne, -lt, -le, -gt, or -ge. Arithmetic binary operators return true if ARG1 is equal, not-equal, less-than, less-than-or-equal, greater-than, or greater-than-or-equal than ARG2. Exit Status: Returns success if EXPR evaluates to true; fails if EXPR evaluates to false or an invalid argument is given.Evaluate conditional expression. This is a synonym for the "test" builtin, but the last argument must be a literal `]', to match the opening `['.Execute a simple command or display information about commands. Runs COMMAND with ARGS suppressing shell function lookup, or display information about the specified COMMANDs. Can be used to invoke commands on disk when a function with the same name exists. Options: -p use a default value for PATH that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities -v print a description of COMMAND similar to the `type' builtin -V print a more verbose description of each COMMAND Exit Status: Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found.Execute arguments as a shell command. Combine ARGs into a single string, use the result as input to the shell, and execute the resulting commands. Exit Status: Returns exit status of command or success if command is null.Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed. Expand and execute COMMANDS-2 as long as the final command in COMMANDS has an exit status which is not zero. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed.Execute commands as long as a test succeeds. Expand and execute COMMANDS-2 as long as the final command in COMMANDS has an exit status of zero. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed.Execute commands based on conditional. The `if COMMANDS' list is executed. If its exit status is zero, then the `then COMMANDS' list is executed. Otherwise, each `elif COMMANDS' list is executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding `then COMMANDS' list is executed and the if command completes. Otherwise, the `else COMMANDS' list is executed, if present. The exit status of the entire construct is the exit status of the last command executed, or zero if no condition tested true. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed.Execute commands based on pattern matching. Selectively execute COMMANDS based upon WORD matching PATTERN. The `|' is used to separate multiple patterns. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed.Execute commands for each member in a list. The `for' loop executes a sequence of commands for each member in a list of items. If `in WORDS ...;' is not present, then `in "$@"' is assumed. For each element in WORDS, NAME is set to that element, and the COMMANDS are executed. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed.Execute commands from a file in the current shell. Read and execute commands from FILENAME in the current shell. The entries in $PATH are used to find the directory containing FILENAME. If any ARGUMENTS are supplied, they become the positional parameters when FILENAME is executed. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed in FILENAME; fails if FILENAME cannot be read.Execute conditional command. Returns a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the conditional expression EXPRESSION. Expressions are composed of the same primaries used by the `test' builtin, and may be combined using the following operators: ( EXPRESSION ) Returns the value of EXPRESSION ! EXPRESSION True if EXPRESSION is false; else false EXPR1 && EXPR2 True if both EXPR1 and EXPR2 are true; else false EXPR1 || EXPR2 True if either EXPR1 or EXPR2 is true; else false When the `==' and `!=' operators are used, the string to the right of the operator is used as a pattern and pattern matching is performed. When the `=~' operator is used, the string to the right of the operator is matched as a regular expression. The && and || operators do not evaluate EXPR2 if EXPR1 is sufficient to determine the expression's value. Exit Status: 0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION.Execute shell builtins. Execute SHELL-BUILTIN with arguments ARGs without performing command lookup. This is useful when you wish to reimplement a shell builtin as a shell function, but need to execute the builtin within the function. Exit Status: Returns the exit status of SHELL-BUILTIN, or false if SHELL-BUILTIN is not a shell builtin.Exit %dExit a login shell. Exits a login shell with exit status N. Returns an error if not executed in a login shell.Exit for, while, or until loops. Exit a FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop. If N is specified, break N enclosing loops. Exit Status: The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1.Exit the shell. Exits the shell with a status of N. If N is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed.File limitFloating point exceptionFormats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT. Options: -v var assign the output to shell variable VAR rather than display it on the standard output FORMAT is a character string which contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard output; character escape sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output; and format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive argument. In addition to the standard format specifications described in printf(1), printf interprets: %b expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding argument %q quote the argument in a way that can be reused as shell input %Q like %q, but apply any precision to the unquoted argument before quoting %(fmt)T output the date-time string resulting from using FMT as a format string for strftime(3) The format is re-used as necessary to consume all of the arguments. If there are fewer arguments than the format requires, extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a write or assignment error occurs.GNU bash, version %s (%s) GNU bash, version %s-(%s) GNU long options: General help using GNU software: Group commands as a unit. Run a set of commands in a group. This is one way to redirect an entire set of commands. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed.HFT input data pendingHFT monitor mode grantedHFT monitor mode retractedHFT sound sequence has completedHOME not setHangupI have no name!I/O readyINFORM: Illegal instructionInformation requestInterruptKilledLicense GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later Mark shell variables as unchangeable. Mark each NAME as read-only; the values of these NAMEs may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE before marking as read-only. Options: -a refer to indexed array variables -A refer to associative array variables -f refer to shell functions -p display a list of all readonly variables or functions, depending on whether or not the -f option is given An argument of `--' disables further option processing. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid.Modify or display completion options. Modify the completion options for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are supplied, the completion currently being executed. If no OPTIONs are given, print the completion options for each NAME or the current completion specification. Options: -o option Set completion option OPTION for each NAME -D Change options for the "default" command completion -E Change options for the "empty" command completion -I Change options for completion on the initial word Using `+o' instead of `-o' turns off the specified option. Arguments: Each NAME refers to a command for which a completion specification must have previously been defined using the `complete' builtin. If no NAMEs are supplied, compopt must be called by a function currently generating completions, and the options for that currently-executing completion generator are modified. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or NAME does not have a completion specification defined.Modify shell resource limits. Provides control over the resources available to the shell and processes it creates, on systems that allow such control. Options: -S use the `soft' resource limit -H use the `hard' resource limit -a all current limits are reported -b the socket buffer size -c the maximum size of core files created -d the maximum size of a process's data segment -e the maximum scheduling priority (`nice') -f the maximum size of files written by the shell and its children -i the maximum number of pending signals -k the maximum number of kqueues allocated for this process -l the maximum size a process may lock into memory -m the maximum resident set size -n the maximum number of open file descriptors -p the pipe buffer size -q the maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues -r the maximum real-time scheduling priority -s the maximum stack size -t the maximum amount of cpu time in seconds -u the maximum number of user processes -v the size of virtual memory -x the maximum number of file locks -P the maximum number of pseudoterminals -R the maximum time a real-time process can run before blocking -T the maximum number of threads Not all options are available on all platforms. If LIMIT is given, it is the new value of the specified resource; the special LIMIT values `soft', `hard', and `unlimited' stand for the current soft limit, the current hard limit, and no limit, respectively. Otherwise, the current value of the specified resource is printed. If no option is given, then -f is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -t, which is in seconds, -p, which is in increments of 512 bytes, and -u, which is an unscaled number of processes. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs.Move job to the foreground. Place the job identified by JOB_SPEC in the foreground, making it the current job. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion of the current job is used. Exit Status: Status of command placed in foreground, or failure if an error occurs.Move jobs to the background. Place the jobs identified by each JOB_SPEC in the background, as if they had been started with `&'. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion of the current job is used. Exit Status: Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs.Null command. No effect; the command does nothing. Exit Status: Always succeeds.OLDPWD not setParse option arguments. Getopts is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters as options. OPTSTRING contains the option letters to be recognized; if a letter is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it by white space. Each time it is invoked, getopts will place the next option in the shell variable $name, initializing name if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to be processed into the shell variable OPTIND. OPTIND is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an option requires an argument, getopts places that argument into the shell variable OPTARG. getopts reports errors in one of two ways. If the first character of OPTSTRING is a colon, getopts uses silent error reporting. In this mode, no error messages are printed. If an invalid option is seen, getopts places the option character found into OPTARG. If a required argument is not found, getopts places a ':' into NAME and sets OPTARG to the option character found. If getopts is not in silent mode, and an invalid option is seen, getopts places '?' into NAME and unsets OPTARG. If a required argument is not found, a '?' is placed in NAME, OPTARG is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed. If the shell variable OPTERR has the value 0, getopts disables the printing of error messages, even if the first character of OPTSTRING is not a colon. OPTERR has the value 1 by default. Getopts normally parses the positional parameters, but if arguments are supplied as ARG values, they are parsed instead. Exit Status: Returns success if an option is found; fails if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs.Print the name of the current working directory. Options: -L print the value of $PWD if it names the current working directory -P print the physical directory, without any symbolic links By default, `pwd' behaves as if `-L' were specified. Exit Status: Returns 0 unless an invalid option is given or the current directory cannot be read.QuitRead a line from the standard input and split it into fields. Reads a single line from the standard input, or from file descriptor FD if the -u option is supplied. The line is split into fields as with word splitting, and the first word is assigned to the first NAME, the second word to the second NAME, and so on, with any leftover words assigned to the last NAME. Only the characters found in $IFS are recognized as word delimiters. By default, the backslash character escapes delimiter characters and newline. If no NAMEs are supplied, the line read is stored in the REPLY variable. Options: -a array assign the words read to sequential indices of the array variable ARRAY, starting at zero -d delim continue until the first character of DELIM is read, rather than newline -e use Readline to obtain the line -i text use TEXT as the initial text for Readline -n nchars return after reading NCHARS characters rather than waiting for a newline, but honor a delimiter if fewer than NCHARS characters are read before the delimiter -N nchars return only after reading exactly NCHARS characters, unless EOF is encountered or read times out, ignoring any delimiter -p prompt output the string PROMPT without a trailing newline before attempting to read -r do not allow backslashes to escape any characters -s do not echo input coming from a terminal -t timeout time out and return failure if a complete line of input is not read within TIMEOUT seconds. The value of the TMOUT variable is the default timeout. TIMEOUT may be a fractional number. If TIMEOUT is 0, read returns immediately, without trying to read any data, returning success only if input is available on the specified file descriptor. The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded -u fd read from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input Exit Status: The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, read times out (in which case it's greater than 128), a variable assignment error occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u.Read lines from a file into an array variable. A synonym for `mapfile'.Read lines from the standard input into an indexed array variable. Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable ARRAY, or from file descriptor FD if the -u option is supplied. The variable MAPFILE is the default ARRAY. Options: -d delim Use DELIM to terminate lines, instead of newline -n count Copy at most COUNT lines. If COUNT is 0, all lines are copied -O origin Begin assigning to ARRAY at index ORIGIN. The default index is 0 -s count Discard the first COUNT lines read -t Remove a trailing DELIM from each line read (default newline) -u fd Read lines from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input -C callback Evaluate CALLBACK each time QUANTUM lines are read -c quantum Specify the number of lines read between each call to CALLBACK Arguments: ARRAY Array variable name to use for file data If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that element as additional arguments. If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY before assigning to it. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly or not an indexed array.Record lockRemember or display program locations. Determine and remember the full pathname of each command NAME. If no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is displayed. Options: -d forget the remembered location of each NAME -l display in a format that may be reused as input -p pathname use PATHNAME as the full pathname of NAME -r forget all remembered locations -t print the remembered location of each NAME, preceding each location with the corresponding NAME if multiple NAMEs are given Arguments: NAME Each NAME is searched for in $PATH and added to the list of remembered commands. Exit Status: Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given.Remove directories from stack. Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, removes the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory. Options: -n Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories from the stack, so only the stack is manipulated. Arguments: +N Removes the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd +0' removes the first directory, `popd +1' the second. -N Removes the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd -0' removes the last directory, `popd -1' the next to last. The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory change fails.Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases. Options: -a remove all alias definitions Return success unless a NAME is not an existing alias.Remove jobs from current shell. Removes each JOBSPEC argument from the table of active jobs. Without any JOBSPECs, the shell uses its notion of the current job. Options: -a remove all jobs if JOBSPEC is not supplied -h mark each JOBSPEC so that SIGHUP is not sent to the job if the shell receives a SIGHUP -r remove only running jobs Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given.Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, removes the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory. Options: -n Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories from the stack, so only the stack is manipulated. Arguments: +N Removes the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd +0' removes the first directory, `popd +1' the second. -N Removes the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd -0' removes the last directory, `popd -1' the next to last. The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack.Replace the shell with the given command. Execute COMMAND, replacing this shell with the specified program. ARGUMENTS become the arguments to COMMAND. If COMMAND is not specified, any redirections take effect in the current shell. Options: -a name pass NAME as the zeroth argument to COMMAND -c execute COMMAND with an empty environment -l place a dash in the zeroth argument to COMMAND If the command cannot be executed, a non-interactive shell exits, unless the shell option `execfail' is set. Exit Status: Returns success unless COMMAND is not found or a redirection error occurs.Report time consumed by pipeline's execution. Execute PIPELINE and print a summary of the real time, user CPU time, and system CPU time spent executing PIPELINE when it terminates. Options: -p print the timing summary in the portable Posix format The value of the TIMEFORMAT variable is used as the output format. Exit Status: The return status is the return status of PIPELINE.Resume for, while, or until loops. Resumes the next iteration of the enclosing FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop. If N is specified, resumes the Nth enclosing loop. Exit Status: The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1.Resume job in foreground. Equivalent to the JOB_SPEC argument to the `fg' command. Resume a stopped or background job. JOB_SPEC can specify either a job name or a job number. Following JOB_SPEC with a `&' places the job in the background, as if the job specification had been supplied as an argument to `bg'. Exit Status: Returns the status of the resumed job.Return a successful result. Exit Status: Always succeeds.Return an unsuccessful result. Exit Status: Always fails.Return from a shell function. Causes a function or sourced script to exit with the return value specified by N. If N is omitted, the return status is that of the last command executed within the function or script. Exit Status: Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script.Return the context of the current subroutine call. Without EXPR, returns "$line $filename". With EXPR, returns "$line $subroutine $filename"; this extra information can be used to provide a stack trace. The value of EXPR indicates how many call frames to go back before the current one; the top frame is frame 0. Exit Status: Returns 0 unless the shell is not executing a shell function or EXPR is invalid.Returns the context of the current subroutine call. Without EXPR, returns "$line $filename". With EXPR, returns "$line $subroutine $filename"; this extra information can be used to provide a stack trace. The value of EXPR indicates how many call frames to go back before the current one; the top frame is frame 0.RunningSegmentation faultSelect words from a list and execute commands. The WORDS are expanded, generating a list of words. The set of expanded words is printed on the standard error, each preceded by a number. If `in WORDS' is not present, `in "$@"' is assumed. The PS3 prompt is then displayed and a line read from the standard input. If the line consists of the number corresponding to one of the displayed words, then NAME is set to that word. If the line is empty, WORDS and the prompt are redisplayed. If EOF is read, the command completes. Any other value read causes NAME to be set to null. The line read is saved in the variable REPLY. COMMANDS are executed after each selection until a break command is executed. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed.Send a signal to a job. Send the processes identified by PID or JOBSPEC the signal named by SIGSPEC or SIGNUM. If neither SIGSPEC nor SIGNUM is present, then SIGTERM is assumed. Options: -s sig SIG is a signal name -n sig SIG is a signal number -l list the signal names; if arguments follow `-l' they are assumed to be signal numbers for which names should be listed -L synonym for -l Kill is a shell builtin for two reasons: it allows job IDs to be used instead of process IDs, and allows processes to be killed if the limit on processes that you can create is reached. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs.Set Readline key bindings and variables. Bind a key sequence to a Readline function or a macro, or set a Readline variable. The non-option argument syntax is equivalent to that found in ~/.inputrc, but must be passed as a single argument: e.g., bind '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Options: -m keymap Use KEYMAP as the keymap for the duration of this command. Acceptable keymap names are emacs, emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move, vi-command, and vi-insert. -l List names of functions. -P List function names and bindings. -p List functions and bindings in a form that can be reused as input. -S List key sequences that invoke macros and their values -s List key sequences that invoke macros and their values in a form that can be reused as input. -V List variable names and values -v List variable names and values in a form that can be reused as input. -q function-name Query about which keys invoke the named function. -u function-name Unbind all keys which are bound to the named function. -r keyseq Remove the binding for KEYSEQ. -f filename Read key bindings from FILENAME. -x keyseq:shell-command Cause SHELL-COMMAND to be executed when KEYSEQ is entered. -X List key sequences bound with -x and associated commands in a form that can be reused as input. Exit Status: bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs.Set and unset shell options. Change the setting of each shell option OPTNAME. Without any option arguments, list each supplied OPTNAME, or all shell options if no OPTNAMEs are given, with an indication of whether or not each is set. Options: -o restrict OPTNAMEs to those defined for use with `set -o' -p print each shell option with an indication of its status -q suppress output -s enable (set) each OPTNAME -u disable (unset) each OPTNAME Exit Status: Returns success if OPTNAME is enabled; fails if an invalid option is given or OPTNAME is disabled.Set export attribute for shell variables. Marks each NAME for automatic export to the environment of subsequently executed commands. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE before exporting. Options: -f refer to shell functions -n remove the export property from each NAME -p display a list of all exported variables and functions An argument of `--' disables further option processing. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid.Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters. Change the value of shell attributes and positional parameters, or display the names and values of shell variables. Options: -a Mark variables which are modified or created for export. -b Notify of job termination immediately. -e Exit immediately if a command exits with a non-zero status. -f Disable file name generation (globbing). -h Remember the location of commands as they are looked up. -k All assignment arguments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. -m Job control is enabled. -n Read commands but do not execute them. -o option-name Set the variable corresponding to option-name: allexport same as -a braceexpand same as -B emacs use an emacs-style line editing interface errexit same as -e errtrace same as -E functrace same as -T hashall same as -h histexpand same as -H history enable command history ignoreeof the shell will not exit upon reading EOF interactive-comments allow comments to appear in interactive commands keyword same as -k monitor same as -m noclobber same as -C noexec same as -n noglob same as -f nolog currently accepted but ignored notify same as -b nounset same as -u onecmd same as -t physical same as -P pipefail the return value of a pipeline is the status of the last command to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if no command exited with a non-zero status posix change the behavior of bash where the default operation differs from the Posix standard to match the standard privileged same as -p verbose same as -v vi use a vi-style line editing interface xtrace same as -x -p Turned on whenever the real and effective user ids do not match. Disables processing of the $ENV file and importing of shell functions. Turning this option off causes the effective uid and gid to be set to the real uid and gid. -t Exit after reading and executing one command. -u Treat unset variables as an error when substituting. -v Print shell input lines as they are read. -x Print commands and their arguments as they are executed. -B the shell will perform brace expansion -C If set, disallow existing regular files to be overwritten by redirection of output. -E If set, the ERR trap is inherited by shell functions. -H Enable ! style history substitution. This flag is on by default when the shell is interactive. -P If set, do not resolve symbolic links when executing commands such as cd which change the current directory. -T If set, the DEBUG and RETURN traps are inherited by shell functions. -- Assign any remaining arguments to the positional parameters. If there are no remaining arguments, the positional parameters are unset. - Assign any remaining arguments to the positional parameters. The -x and -v options are turned off. Using + rather than - causes these flags to be turned off. The flags can also be used upon invocation of the shell. The current set of flags may be found in $-. The remaining n ARGs are positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to $1, $2, .. $n. If no ARGs are given, all shell variables are printed. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is given.Set variable values and attributes. A synonym for `declare'. See `help declare'.Set variable values and attributes. Declare variables and give them attributes. If no NAMEs are given, display the attributes and values of all variables. Options: -f restrict action or display to function names and definitions -F restrict display to function names only (plus line number and source file when debugging) -g create global variables when used in a shell function; otherwise ignored -I if creating a local variable, inherit the attributes and value of a variable with the same name at a previous scope -p display the attributes and value of each NAME Options which set attributes: -a to make NAMEs indexed arrays (if supported) -A to make NAMEs associative arrays (if supported) -i to make NAMEs have the `integer' attribute -l to convert the value of each NAME to lower case on assignment -n make NAME a reference to the variable named by its value -r to make NAMEs readonly -t to make NAMEs have the `trace' attribute -u to convert the value of each NAME to upper case on assignment -x to make NAMEs export Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the given attribute. Variables with the integer attribute have arithmetic evaluation (see the `let' command) performed when the variable is assigned a value. When used in a function, `declare' makes NAMEs local, as with the `local' command. The `-g' option suppresses this behavior. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or a variable assignment error occurs.Shell commands matching keyword `Shell commands matching keywords `Shell options: Shift positional parameters. Rename the positional parameters $N+1,$N+2 ... to $1,$2 ... If N is not given, it is assumed to be 1. Exit Status: Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#.Signal %dSpecify how arguments are to be completed by Readline. For each NAME, specify how arguments are to be completed. If no options are supplied, existing completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them to be reused as input. Options: -p print existing completion specifications in a reusable format -r remove a completion specification for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are supplied, all completion specifications -D apply the completions and actions as the default for commands without any specific completion defined -E apply the completions and actions to "empty" commands -- completion attempted on a blank line -I apply the completions and actions to the initial (usually the command) word When completion is attempted, the actions are applied in the order the uppercase-letter options are listed above. If multiple options are supplied, the -D option takes precedence over -E, and both take precedence over -I. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs.StoppedStopped (signal)Stopped (tty input)Stopped (tty output)Stopped(%s)Suspend shell execution. Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SIGCONT signal. Unless forced, login shells cannot be suspended. Options: -f force the suspend, even if the shell is a login shell Exit Status: Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs.TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format characterTerminatedThe mail in %s has been read There are running jobs. There are stopped jobs. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.These shell commands are defined internally. Type `help' to see this list. Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name'. Use `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general. Use `man -k' or `info' to find out more about commands not in this list. A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled. This is free software; you are free to change and redistribute it.Trap signals and other events. Defines and activates handlers to be run when the shell receives signals or other conditions. ARG is a command to be read and executed when the shell receives the signal(s) SIGNAL_SPEC. If ARG is absent (and a single SIGNAL_SPEC is supplied) or `-', each specified signal is reset to its original value. If ARG is the null string each SIGNAL_SPEC is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. If a SIGNAL_SPEC is EXIT (0) ARG is executed on exit from the shell. If a SIGNAL_SPEC is DEBUG, ARG is executed before every simple command. If a SIGNAL_SPEC is RETURN, ARG is executed each time a shell function or a script run by the . or source builtins finishes executing. A SIGNAL_SPEC of ERR means to execute ARG each time a command's failure would cause the shell to exit when the -e option is enabled. If no arguments are supplied, trap prints the list of commands associated with each signal. Options: -l print a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers -p display the trap commands associated with each SIGNAL_SPEC Each SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. A signal may be sent to the shell with "kill -signal $$". Exit Status: Returns success unless a SIGSPEC is invalid or an invalid option is given.Type `%s -c "help set"' for more information about shell options. Type `%s -c help' for more information about shell builtin commands. Unknown Signal #%dUnknown errorUnknown statusUnset values and attributes of shell variables and functions. For each NAME, remove the corresponding variable or function. Options: -f treat each NAME as a shell function -v treat each NAME as a shell variable -n treat each NAME as a name reference and unset the variable itself rather than the variable it references Without options, unset first tries to unset a variable, and if that fails, tries to unset a function. Some variables cannot be unset; also see `readonly'. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only.Urgent IO conditionUsage: %s [GNU long option] [option] ... %s [GNU long option] [option] script-file ... Use "%s" to leave the shell. Use the `bashbug' command to report bugs. User signal 1User signal 2Wait for job completion and return exit status. Waits for each process identified by an ID, which may be a process ID or a job specification, and reports its termination status. If ID is not given, waits for all currently active child processes, and the return status is zero. If ID is a job specification, waits for all processes in that job's pipeline. If the -n option is supplied, waits for a single job from the list of IDs, or, if no IDs are supplied, for the next job to complete and returns its exit status. If the -p option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the variable VAR named by the option argument. The variable will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful only when the -n option is supplied. If the -f option is supplied, and job control is enabled, waits for the specified ID to terminate, instead of waiting for it to change status. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last ID; fails if ID is invalid or an invalid option is given, or if -n is supplied and the shell has no unwaited-for children.Wait for process completion and return exit status. Waits for each process specified by a PID and reports its termination status. If PID is not given, waits for all currently active child processes, and the return status is zero. PID must be a process ID. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last PID; fails if PID is invalid or an invalid option is given.Window changedWrite arguments to the standard output. Display the ARGs on the standard output followed by a newline. Options: -n do not append a newline Exit Status: Returns success unless a write error occurs.Write arguments to the standard output. Display the ARGs, separated by a single space character and followed by a newline, on the standard output. Options: -n do not append a newline -e enable interpretation of the following backslash escapes -E explicitly suppress interpretation of backslash escapes `echo' interprets the following backslash-escaped characters: \a alert (bell) \b backspace \c suppress further output \e escape character \E escape character \f form feed \n new line \r carriage return \t horizontal tab \v vertical tab \\ backslash \0nnn the character whose ASCII code is NNN (octal). NNN can be 0 to 3 octal digits \xHH the eight-bit character whose value is HH (hexadecimal). HH can be one or two hex digits \uHHHH the Unicode character whose value is the hexadecimal value HHHH. HHHH can be one to four hex digits. \UHHHHHHHH the Unicode character whose value is the hexadecimal value HHHHHHHH. HHHHHHHH can be one to eight hex digits. Exit Status: Returns success unless a write error occurs.You have mail in $_You have new mail in $_[ arg... ][[ expression ]]`%c': bad command`%c': invalid format character`%c': invalid symbolic mode character`%c': invalid symbolic mode operator`%c': invalid time format specification`%s': cannot unbind`%s': cannot unbind in command keymap`%s': invalid alias name`%s': invalid keymap name`%s': invalid variable name for name reference`%s': is a special builtin`%s': missing format character`%s': not a pid or valid job spec`%s': not a valid identifier`%s': unknown function name`)' expected`)' expected, found %s`:' expected for conditional expressionadd_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alivealias [-p] [name[=value] ... ]all_local_variables: no function context at current scopeargumentargument expectedarray variable support requiredattempted assignment to non-variablebad array subscriptbad command typebad connectorbad jumpbad substitution: no closing "`" in %sbad substitution: no closing `%s' in %sbash home page: bash_execute_unix_command: cannot find keymap for commandbg [job_spec ...]bgp_delete: LOOP: psi (%d) == storage[psi].bucket_nextbgp_search: LOOP: psi (%d) == storage[psi].bucket_nextbind [-lpsvPSVX] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q name] [-u name] [-r keyseq] [-x keyseq:shell-command] [keyseq:readline-function or readline-command]brace expansion: cannot allocate memory for %sbrace expansion: failed to allocate memory for %u elementsbrace expansion: failed to allocate memory for `%s'break [n]bug: bad expassign tokenbuiltin [shell-builtin [arg ...]]caller [expr]can only `return' from a function or sourced scriptcan only be used in a functioncannot allocate new file descriptor for bash input from fd %dcannot create temp file for here-document: %scannot duplicate fd %d to fd %dcannot duplicate named pipe %s as fd %dcannot find %s in shared object %s: %scannot make child for command substitutioncannot make child for process substitutioncannot make pipe for command substitutioncannot make pipe for process substitutioncannot open named pipe %s for readingcannot open named pipe %s for writingcannot open shared object %s: %scannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %scannot reset nodelay mode for fd %dcannot set and unset shell options simultaneouslycannot set gid to %d: effective gid %dcannot set terminal process group (%d)cannot set uid to %d: effective uid %dcannot simultaneously unset a function and a variablecannot start debugger; debugging mode disabledcannot suspendcannot suspend a login shellcannot use `-f' to make functionscannot use more than one of -anrwcase WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMANDS ;;]... esaccd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir]child setpgid (%ld to %ld)command [-pVv] command [arg ...]command substitution: ignored null byte in inputcommand_substitute: cannot duplicate pipe as fd 1compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DEI] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [name ...]completion: function `%s' not foundcompopt [-o|+o option] [-DEI] [name ...]conditional binary operator expectedcontinue [n]coproc [NAME] command [redirections]could not find /tmp, please create!cprintf: `%c': invalid format charactercurrentdeclare [-aAfFgiIlnrtux] [name[=value] ...] or declare -p [-aAfFilnrtux] [name ...]deleting stopped job %d with process group %lddescribe_pid: %ld: no such piddirectory stack emptydirectory stack indexdirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]disown [-h] [-ar] [jobspec ... | pid ...]division by 0dynamic loading not availableecho [-n] [arg ...]echo [-neE] [arg ...]empty array variable nameenable [-a] [-dnps] [-f filename] [name ...]error getting terminal attributes: %serror importing function definition for `%s'error setting terminal attributes: %seval [arg ...]eval: maximum eval nesting level exceeded (%d)exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [argument ...]] [redirection ...]execute_coproc: coproc [%d:%s] still existsexit [n]expected `)'exponent less than 0export [-fn] [name[=value] ...] or export -pexpression expectedexpression recursion level exceededfc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] or fc -s [pat=rep] [command]fg [job_spec]file descriptor out of rangefilename argument requiredfor (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMMANDS; donefor NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMANDS; doneforked pid %d appears in running job %dformat parsing problem: %sfree: called with already freed block argumentfree: called with unallocated block argumentfree: start and end chunk sizes differfree: underflow detected; magic8 corruptedfree: underflow detected; mh_nbytes out of rangefunction name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }future versions of the shell will force evaluation as an arithmetic substitutiongetcwd: cannot access parent directoriesgetopts optstring name [arg ...]hash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [name ...]hashing disabledhelp [-dms] [pattern ...]help not available in this versionhere-document at line %d delimited by end-of-file (wanted `%s')history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or history -anrw [filename] or history -ps arg [arg...]history positionhistory specificationhits command identifier expected after pre-increment or pre-decrementif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; ]... [ else COMMANDS; ] fiinitialize_job_control: getpgrp failedinitialize_job_control: line disciplineinitialize_job_control: no job control in backgroundinitialize_job_control: setpgidinvalid arithmetic baseinvalid baseinvalid character %d in exportstr for %sinvalid hex numberinvalid integer constantinvalid numberinvalid octal numberinvalid signal numberjob %d started without job controljob_spec [&]jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or jobs -x command [args]kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | jobspec ... or kill -l [sigspec]last command: %s let arg [arg ...]limitline %d: line editing not enabledload function for %s returns failure (%d): not loadedlocal [option] name[=value] ...logout logout [n]loop countmake_here_document: bad instruction type %dmake_local_variable: no function context at current scopemake_redirection: redirection instruction `%d' out of rangemalloc: block on free list clobberedmalloc: failed assertion: %s mapfile [-d delim] [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]maximum here-document count exceededmigrate process to another CPUmissing `)'missing `]'missing hex digit for \xmissing unicode digit for \%cnetwork operations not supportedno `=' in exportstr for %sno closing `%c' in %sno command foundno help topics match `%s'. Try `help help' or `man -k %s' or `info %s'.no job controlno job control in this shellno match: %sno other directoryno other options allowed with `-x'not currently executing completion functionnot login shell: use `exit'null directoryoctal numberonly meaningful in a `for', `while', or `until' looppipe errorpop_scope: head of shell_variables not a temporary environment scopepop_var_context: head of shell_variables not a function contextpop_var_context: no global_variables contextpopd [-n] [+N | -N]power failure imminentpretty-printing mode ignored in interactive shellsprint_command: bad connector `%d'printf [-v var] format [arguments]progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPECprogrammable_completion: %s: possible retry loopprogramming errorpushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]pwd [-LP]read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...]read error: %d: %sreadarray [-d delim] [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]readonly [-aAf] [name[=value] ...] or readonly -prealloc: called with unallocated block argumentrealloc: start and end chunk sizes differrealloc: underflow detected; magic8 corruptedrealloc: underflow detected; mh_nbytes out of rangerecursion stack underflowredirection error: cannot duplicate fdregister_alloc: %p already in table as allocated? register_alloc: alloc table is full with FIND_ALLOC? register_free: %p already in table as free? restrictedreturn [n]run_pending_traps: bad value in trap_list[%d]: %prun_pending_traps: signal handler is SIG_DFL, resending %d (%s) to myselfsave_bash_input: buffer already exists for new fd %dselect NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMMANDS; doneset [-abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [-o option-name] [--] [-] [arg ...]setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s)setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s): %ssetlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s)setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s): %sshell level (%d) too high, resetting to 1shell_getc: shell_input_line_size (%zu) exceeds SIZE_MAX (%lu): line truncatedshift [n]shift countshopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]sigprocmask: %d: invalid operationsource filename [arguments]start_pipeline: pgrp pipesuspend [-f]syntax errorsyntax error in conditional expressionsyntax error in conditional expression: unexpected token `%s'syntax error in expressionsyntax error in variable assignmentsyntax error near `%s'syntax error near unexpected token `%s'syntax error: `%s' unexpectedsyntax error: `((%s))'syntax error: `;' unexpectedsyntax error: arithmetic expression requiredsyntax error: invalid arithmetic operatorsyntax error: operand expectedsyntax error: unexpected end of filesystem crash imminenttest [expr]time [-p] pipelinetoo many argumentstrap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...]trap handler: maximum trap handler level exceeded (%d)trap_handler: bad signal %dtype [-afptP] name [name ...]typeset [-aAfFgiIlnrtux] name[=value] ... or typeset -p [-aAfFilnrtux] [name ...]ulimit [-SHabcdefiklmnpqrstuvxPRT] [limit]umask [-p] [-S] [mode]unalias [-a] name [name ...]unexpected EOF while looking for `]]'unexpected EOF while looking for matching `%c'unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'unexpected argument `%s' to conditional binary operatorunexpected argument `%s' to conditional unary operatorunexpected argument to conditional binary operatorunexpected argument to conditional unary operatorunexpected token %d in conditional commandunexpected token `%c' in conditional commandunexpected token `%s' in conditional commandunexpected token `%s', conditional binary operator expectedunexpected token `%s', expected `)'unknownunknown command errorunset [-f] [-v] [-n] [name ...]until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS-2; donevalue too great for basevariables - Names and meanings of some shell variableswait [-fn] [-p var] [id ...]wait [pid ...]wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shellwait_for: No record of process %ldwait_for_job: job %d is stoppedwaitchld: turning on WNOHANG to avoid indefinite blockwarning: warning: %s: %swarning: -C option may not work as you expectwarning: -F option may not work as you expectwhile COMMANDS; do COMMANDS-2; donewrite error: %sxtrace fd (%d) != fileno xtrace fp (%d)xtrace_set: %d: invalid file descriptorxtrace_set: NULL file pointer{ COMMANDS ; }Project-Id-Version: bash 5.2-rc1 Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: PO-Revision-Date: 2022-06-18 14:25+0800 Last-Translator: Wenbin Lv Language-Team: Chinese (simplified) Language: zh_CN MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0; X-Bugs: Report translation errors to the Language-Team address. X-Generator: Poedit 3.1 等待输入超时：自动注销 -%s 或 -o <选项> -ilrsD 或 -c <命令> 或 -O （仅适åˆè°ƒç”¨ï¼‰ malloc: %s:%d: 断言已æžç ¸ （工作目录：%s）（核心已转储） è¡Œ $%s: 无法这样赋值%c%c: 无效的选项%d: 无效的文件æ述符：%s%s 已被绑定到 %s çš„ exportstr 为空%s 是 %s %s 是函数 %s 是 shell 内建 %s 是 shell 关键字 %s 是特殊 shell 内建 %s 是 "%s" 的别å %s 已被录入哈希表 (%s) %s 未与任何键绑定。 %s超出范围%s%s%s: %s（错误记å·æ˜¯ "%s"）%s: %s%s: %s超出范围%s: %s: 错误的解释器%s: %s: 无法作为 FILE 打开%s: %s: 兼容性的值超出范围%s: %s: 跟踪文件æ述符的值无效%s: %s: 为关è”数组赋值时必须使用下标%s: %s:%d: æ— æ³•åˆ†é… %lu 字节%s: %s:%d: æ— æ³•åˆ†é… %lu å­—èŠ‚ï¼ˆå·²åˆ†é… %lu 字节）%s: 是一个目录%s: 有歧义的任务说明符%s: 有歧义的é‡å®šå‘%s: å‚数必须是进程或任务 ID%s: 将整数赋值给å称引用%s: 指定的网络路径无效%s: 错误的替æ¢%s: 需è¦äºŒå…ƒè¿ç®—符%s: æ— æ³•åˆ†é… %lu 字节%s: æ— æ³•åˆ†é… %lu å­—èŠ‚ï¼ˆå·²åˆ†é… %lu 字节）%s: 无法赋值%s: 无法将文件æ述符赋值给å˜é‡%s: 无法将列表赋值给数组æˆå‘˜%s: 无法为éžæ•°å€¼çš„索引赋值%s: 无法将关è”数组转æ¢ä¸ºç´¢å¼•æ•°ç»„%s: 无法将索引数组转æ¢ä¸ºå…³è”数组%s: 无法创建：%s%s: 无法删除：%s%s: 无法以这ç§æ–¹å¼é”€æ¯æ•°ç»„å˜é‡%s: 无法执行二进制文件%s: 无法执行二进制文件：%s%s: 无法执行：%s%s: 无法执行：找ä¸åˆ°éœ€è¦çš„文件%s: 无法导出%s: 无法获å–é™åˆ¶ï¼š%s%s: 无法从ä¸å…¼å®¹çš„类型继承值%s: 无法修改é™åˆ¶ï¼š%s%s: 无法打开临时文件：%s%s: 无法打开：%s%s: 无法覆盖已存在的文件%s: 无法读å–：%s%s: 无法å–消设定%s: 无法å–消设定：åªè¯»%s%s: 循环的å称引用%s: 未找到命令%s: 动æ€å†…建已ç»åŠ è½½%s: 获å–当å‰ç›®å½•æ—¶å‡ºé”™ï¼š%s：%s %s: 表达å¼é”™è¯¯ %s: 文件太大%s: 未找到文件%s: 第一个éžç©ºç™½å­—符ä¸æ˜¯ `"'%s: 哈希表为空 %s: 历å²å±•å¼€å¤±è´¥%s: 未知的主机%s: éžæ³•çš„选项 -- %c %s: inlib 失败%s: 需è¦æ•´æ•°è¡¨è¾¾å¼%s: 无效的动作å%s: 无效的å‚æ•°%s: 无效的数组起始%s: 无效的回调间隔%s: 指定的文件æ述符无效%s: 无效的间接展开%s: 无效的é™åˆ¶å‚æ•°%s: 无效的行数%s: 无效的选项%s: 无效的选项å%s: 无效的æœåŠ¡%s: 无效的 shell 选项å%s: 无效的信å·è¯´æ˜Žç¬¦%s: 指定的超时时间无效%s: 无效的时间戳%s: 无效的å˜é‡å%s: å称引用å˜é‡å¼•ç”¨çš„å˜é‡å无效%s: 是一个目录%s: 任务 %d 已在åŽå°%s: 任务已ç»ç»ˆæ­¢%s: 第 %d 行：%s: 超出最大函数嵌套层数 (%d)%s: 超出最大 source 嵌套层数 (%d)%s: 缺少冒å·åˆ†éš”符%s: ä¸å…许å称引用å˜é‡å¼•ç”¨è‡ªèº«%s: 没有补全规约%s: 无当å‰ä»»åŠ¡%s: 无任务控制%s: 无此任务%s: ä¸æ˜¯å‡½æ•°%s: ä¸æ˜¯æ™®é€šæ–‡ä»¶%s: ä¸æ˜¯ shell 内建%s: ä¸æ˜¯æ•°ç»„å˜é‡%s: ä¸æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªç´¢å¼•æ•°ç»„%s: 未动æ€åŠ è½½%s: 未找到%s: 需è¦æ•°å€¼å‚æ•°%s: 选项需è¦ä¸€ä¸ªå‚æ•°%s: 选项需è¦ä¸€ä¸ªå‚æ•° -- %c %s: å‚数未设置%s: å‚数为空或未设置%s: 带引å·çš„å¤åˆæ•°ç»„赋值已被弃用%s: åªè¯»å‡½æ•°%s: åªè¯»å˜é‡%s: 引用å˜é‡ä¸èƒ½ä¸ºæ•°ç»„%s: 正在移除å称引用属性%s: å—é™%s: å—é™ï¼šæ— æ³•é‡å®šå‘输出%s: å—é™ï¼šæ— æ³•åœ¨å‘½ä»¤å中使用 "/"%s: å­ä¸²è¡¨è¾¾å¼ < 0%s: 需è¦ä¸€å…ƒè¿ç®—符%s: 未绑定的å˜é‡%s: 用法：%s: å˜é‡ä¸å¯èµ‹å€¼" çš„ shell 命令 (( è¡¨è¾¾å¼ ))（核心已转储）（当å‰å·¥ä½œç›®å½•ï¼š%s） . 文件å [å‚æ•°]没有网络时ä¸æ”¯æŒ /dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port/tmp 必须为有效的目录å<无当å‰ç›®å½•>中止指令正在中止...将目录添加到栈中。 将目录添加到目录栈顶，或者轮转栈直到当å‰å·¥ä½œç›®å½•æˆä¸º 新的栈顶。ä¸å¸¦å‚数时，交æ¢æ ˆé¡¶çš„两个目录。 选项： -n 阻止添加目录至栈时通常的改å˜ç›®å½•æ“作，从而仅对栈 进行æ“作。 å‚数： +N 轮转栈，使得第 N 个目录（"dirs" 显示的列表中左起， 从零开始）移动到栈顶。 -N 轮转栈，使得第 N 个目录（"dirs" 显示的列表中å³èµ·ï¼Œ 从零开始）移动到栈顶。 目录 å°† <目录> 添加到栈顶，使其æˆä¸ºå½“å‰å·¥ä½œç›®å½•ã€‚ "dirs" 内建å¯ä»¥æ˜¾ç¤ºç›®å½•æ ˆã€‚ 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†æ— æ•ˆçš„å‚数，或者改å˜ç›®å½•å¤±è´¥ã€‚将目录添加到目录栈顶，或者轮转栈直到当å‰å·¥ä½œç›®å½•æˆä¸º 新的栈顶。ä¸å¸¦å‚数时，交æ¢æ ˆé¡¶çš„两个目录。 选项： -n 阻止添加目录至栈时通常的改å˜ç›®å½•æ“作，从而仅对栈 进行æ“作。 å‚数： +N 轮转栈，使得第 N 个目录（"dirs" 显示的列表中左起， 从零开始）移动到栈顶。 -N 轮转栈，使得第 N 个目录（"dirs" 显示的列表中å³èµ·ï¼Œ 从零开始）移动到栈顶。 目录 å°† <目录> 添加到栈顶，使其æˆä¸ºå½“å‰å·¥ä½œç›®å½•ã€‚ "dirs" 内建å¯ä»¥æ˜¾ç¤ºç›®å½•æ ˆã€‚闹钟（性能分æžï¼‰é—¹é’Ÿï¼ˆè™šæ‹Ÿï¼‰é—¹é’Ÿç®—术 for 循环。 等价于 (( 表达å¼1 )) while (( 表达å¼2 )); do 命令 (( 表达å¼3 )) done <表达å¼1>ã€<表达å¼2> å’Œ <表达å¼3> 都是算术表达å¼ã€‚如果çœç•¥ä»»ä½•è¡¨è¾¾å¼ï¼Œ 则等价于使用了求值结果为 1 的表达å¼ã€‚ 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回最åŽæ‰§è¡Œçš„命令的状æ€ã€‚断点跟踪或陷阱错误的系统调用伪信å·æ–­å¼€çš„管é“总线错误CPU é™åˆ¶æ”¹å˜ shell 工作目录。 改å˜å½“å‰ç›®å½•è‡³ <目录>。默认的 <目录> 是 shell å˜é‡ HOME 的值。 å˜é‡ CDPATH 定义了æœç´¢å«æœ‰ <目录> 的目录的æœç´¢è·¯å¾„。CDPATH 中é¢å¤–çš„ 目录åç§°ä»¥å†’å· (:) 隔开。空的 CDPATH 表示当å‰ç›®å½•ã€‚如果 <目录> 以 æ–œæ  (/) 开头，则ä¸ä¼šä½¿ç”¨ CDPATH。 如果找ä¸åˆ°ç›®å½•ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸” shell 选项 "cdable_vars" 被设定，则å‡å®šå‚数是一个 å˜é‡å。如果该å˜é‡æœ‰å€¼ï¼Œåˆ™å®ƒçš„值被当作 <目录>。 选项： -L 强制跟éšç¬¦å·é“¾æŽ¥: åœ¨å¤„ç† ".." 之åŽè§£æž <目录> 中的符å·é“¾æŽ¥ -P 使用物ç†ç›®å½•ç»“构而ä¸è·Ÿéšç¬¦å·é“¾æŽ¥: åœ¨å¤„ç† ".." ä¹‹å‰ è§£æž <目录> 中的符å·é“¾æŽ¥ -e 如果使用了 -P 选项，但无法æˆåŠŸç¡®å®šå½“å‰å·¥ä½œç›®å½•æ—¶ï¼Œä»¥éžé›¶çŠ¶æ€é€€å‡º -@ 在支æŒæ‰©å±•å±žæ€§çš„系统上，将一个具有扩展属性的文件当作 å«æœ‰æ–‡ä»¶å±žæ€§çš„目录。 默认情况下，跟éšç¬¦å·é“¾æŽ¥ï¼Œæ­£å¦‚指定了 "-L" 一样。 ".." 的处ç†æ–¹å¼æ˜¯ï¼Œç§»é™¤è·¯å¾„å中的上一个组æˆéƒ¨åˆ†ï¼Œä»¥ <目录> 的开头 或者斜æ ä¸ºç•Œé™ã€‚ 退出状æ€ï¼š 如果目录改å˜ï¼Œæˆ–在使用 -P 选项时 $PWD 修改æˆåŠŸï¼Œåˆ™è¿”回 0ï¼›å¦åˆ™è¿”回éžé›¶ã€‚å­è¿›ç¨‹å·²æ­»æˆ–å·²åœæ­¢å¸¸ç”¨ shell å˜é‡å称和用法。 BASH_VERSION å½“å‰ Bash 的版本信æ¯ã€‚ CDPATH 用于æœç´¢ "cd" çš„å‚数中的目录的，以冒å·åˆ†éš”的目录列表 GLOBIGNORE 路径å展开时è¦å¿½ç•¥çš„文件å的模å¼åˆ—表，以冒å·åˆ†éš”。 HISTFILE 存储您的命令历å²çš„文件å称。 HISTFILESIZE 历å²æ–‡ä»¶æœ€å¤šå¯ä»¥ä¿å­˜çš„行数。 HISTSIZE 一个è¿è¡Œçš„ shell 最多å¯ä»¥è®¿é—®çš„历å²å‘½ä»¤è¡Œæ•°ã€‚ HOME 您的登录目录的完整路径å。 HOSTNAME 当å‰ä¸»æœºçš„主机å。 HOSTTYPE è¿è¡Œå½“å‰ç‰ˆæœ¬ BASH çš„ CPU 的类型。 IGNOREEOF 控制 shell 收到 EOF 作为唯一输入字符åŽçš„动作。如果 该å˜é‡è¢«è®¾å®šï¼Œåˆ™å®ƒçš„值是 shell 退出之å‰åœ¨ä¸€ä¸ªç©ºè¡Œä¸Š å¯ä»¥è¿žç»­è¯»å–到的 EOF æ•°é‡ï¼ˆé»˜è®¤ä¸º 10）。如果未设定， EOF 标志ç€è¾“入的结æŸã€‚ MACHTYPE æ述当å‰è¿è¡Œ Bash 的系统的字符串。 MAILCHECK Bash 检查新邮件的频率，以秒为å•ä½ã€‚ MAILPATH Bash 从中检查新邮件的文件列表，以冒å·åˆ†éš”。 OSTYPE è¿è¡Œå½“å‰ç‰ˆæœ¬ Bash çš„ Unix 版本。 PATH 寻找命令时æœç´¢çš„目录列表，以冒å·åˆ†éš”。 PROMPT_COMMAND æ¯æ¬¡æ‰“å°ä¸»æ示符之å‰æ‰§è¡Œçš„命令。 PS1 主æ示符字符串。 PS2 次æ示符字符串。 PWD 当å‰ç›®å½•çš„完整路径å。 SHELLOPTS å·²å¯ç”¨çš„ shell 选项列表，以冒å·åˆ†éš”。 TERM 当å‰ç»ˆç«¯ç±»åž‹çš„å称。 TIMEFORMAT ä¿ç•™å­— "time" 显示的时间统计信æ¯çš„输出格å¼ã€‚ auto_resume éžç©ºæ—¶ï¼Œä¸€ä¸ªå•ç‹¬çš„命令è¯ä¼šé¦–先被在当å‰å·²åœæ­¢çš„ 任务列表中æœç´¢ã€‚如果找到，则该任务被置于å‰å°ã€‚ 如果值为 "exact" 则æ„味ç€å‘½ä»¤è¯å¿…须精确匹é…å·²åœæ­¢çš„ 任务列表中的命令。如果值为 "substring" 则æ„味ç€å‘½ä»¤è¯ 必须匹é…任务的一个å­å­—符串。任何其他的值æ„味ç€å‘½ä»¤è¯ 必须是已åœæ­¢çš„任务的一个å‰ç¼€ã€‚ histchars 控制历å²å±•å¼€å’Œå¿«é€Ÿæ›¿æ¢çš„字符。第一个字符是 历å²æ›¿æ¢å­—符，通常是 "!"。第二个字符是快速替æ¢å­—符， 通常是 "^"。第三个字符是历å²æ³¨é‡Šå­—符，通常是 "#"。 HISTIGNORE 用于决定哪些命令被存入历å²æ–‡ä»¶çš„模å¼åˆ—表，以冒å·åˆ†éš”。 继续Copyright (C) 2022 自由软件基金会创建一个å为 <å称> 的副进程。 异步执行 <命令>，并将命令的标准输出和标准输入通过管é“连接到执行该命令 çš„ shell 的文件æ述符，å†å°†ä¸¤ä¸ªæ–‡ä»¶æ述符分别赋值给数组å˜é‡ <å称> çš„ 索引为 0 å’Œ 1 的元素。 默认的 <å称> 是 "COPROC"。 退出状æ€ï¼š coproc å‘½ä»¤è¿”å›žé€€å‡ºçŠ¶æ€ 0。调试警告：定义局部å˜é‡ã€‚ 创建一个å为 <å称> çš„å˜é‡ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸”å°† <值> 赋给它。<选项> å¯ä»¥æ˜¯ä»»ä½• 能被 "declare" 接å—的选项。 局部å˜é‡åªèƒ½åœ¨å‡½æ•°å†…部使用，它们åªå¯¹å®šä¹‰å®ƒä»¬çš„函数åŠå…¶å­å‡½æ•°å¯è§ã€‚ 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†æ— æ•ˆçš„选项ã€å‘生了赋值错误，或者 shell ä¸åœ¨ 执行一个函数。定义或显示别å。 ä¸å¸¦å‚数时，"alias" 以å¯é‡ç”¨çš„æ ¼å¼ "alias å称=值" 将别å列表 打å°åˆ°æ ‡å‡†è¾“出。 å¦åˆ™ï¼Œå¯¹äºŽæ¯ä¸€ä¸ªç»™å‡ºäº† <值> çš„ <å称> 定义一个别å。如果 <值> çš„ 末尾是空格，那么在展开该别ååŽï¼Œè¿˜ä¼šç»§ç»­æ£€æŸ¥ä¸‹ä¸€ä¸ªè¯æ˜¯å¦å¯ä»¥ 进行别å替æ¢ã€‚ 选项： -p 以å¯é‡ç”¨çš„æ ¼å¼æ‰“å°æ‰€æœ‰å·²å®šä¹‰çš„别å 退出状æ€ï¼š alias 返回真，除éžæ供了一个尚未定义别åçš„ <å称>。定义 shell 函数。 创建一个å为 <å称> çš„ shell 函数。当作为一个简å•å‘½ä»¤è¢«è°ƒç”¨æ—¶ï¼Œ <å称> 在调用它的 shell 的上下文中执行 <命令>。当 <å称> 被调用时， 传递给函数的å‚数储存在 $1...$n 中，函数å储存在 $FUNCNAME 中。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éž <å称> 为åªè¯»ã€‚显示目录栈。 显示当å‰è®°ä½çš„目录列表。 使用 "pushd" 命令将目录加入这个列表； 使用 "popd" 命令é€ä¸ªå›žåˆ°ä¹‹å‰åŠ å…¥åˆ—表的目录。 选项： -c 删除所有元素以清空目录栈 -l 打å°ç›®å½•æ—¶ï¼Œä¸è¡¨ç¤ºä¸ºä»¥æ³¢æµªå· (~) 为å‰ç¼€çš„， 相对于您的主目录的路径 -p æ¯è¡Œä¸€ä¸ªæ¡ç›®æ‰“å°ç›®å½•æ ˆ -v æ¯è¡Œä¸€ä¸ªæ¡ç›®æ‰“å°ç›®å½•æ ˆï¼Œå‰é¢åŠ ä¸Šåœ¨æ ˆä¸­çš„ä½ç½® å‚数： +N 显示 dirs ä¸å¸¦é€‰é¡¹å¯åŠ¨æ—¶æ˜¾ç¤ºçš„目录列表中左起第 N 个目录， 从零开始。 -N 显示 dirs ä¸å¸¦é€‰é¡¹å¯åŠ¨æ—¶æ˜¾ç¤ºçš„目录列表中å³èµ·ç¬¬ N 个目录， 从零开始。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†æ— æ•ˆçš„选项，或者有错误å‘生。显示内建命令的相关信æ¯ã€‚ 显示内建命令的简略信æ¯ã€‚如果指定了 <模å¼>ï¼Œç»™å‡ºæ‰€æœ‰åŒ¹é… <模å¼> 的命令的详细帮助，å¦åˆ™æ‰“å°å¸®åŠ©ä¸»é¢˜åˆ—表。 选项： -d 输出æ¯ä¸ªä¸»é¢˜çš„简短æè¿° -m 以伪 man 手册的格å¼æ˜¾ç¤ºç”¨æ³• -s 仅对æ¯ä¸€ä¸ªåŒ¹é… <模å¼> 的主题输出简短的用法æè¦ å‚数： æ¨¡å¼ ç”¨æ¥ç¡®å®šå¸®åŠ©ä¸»é¢˜çš„æ¨¡å¼ é€€å‡ºçŠ¶æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžæ²¡æœ‰æ‰¾åˆ° <模å¼>，或者使用了无效的选项。显示关于命令类型的信æ¯ã€‚ 对于æ¯ä¸€ä¸ª <å称>，指出如果作为命令å使用时，它将如何被解释。 选项： -a 当且仅当没有åŒæ—¶ä½¿ç”¨ "-p" 选项时，显示所有包å«å为 <å称> çš„å¯æ‰§è¡Œæ–‡ä»¶çš„ä½ç½®ï¼›åŒ…括别åã€å†…建和函数 -f 阻止 shell 函数查找æµç¨‹ -P 强制对æ¯ä¸ª <å称> æœç´¢ PATH，å³ä½¿å®ƒæ˜¯åˆ«åã€å†…建或函数， 并且返回将被执行的ç£ç›˜ä¸Šçš„文件的å称 -p 返回将被执行的ç£ç›˜ä¸Šçš„文件的å称，或者当 "type -t å称" ä¸è¿”回 "file" 时，ä¸è¿”回任何值 -t 返回下列å•è¯ä¸­çš„一个："alias"ã€"keyword"ã€"function"〠"builtin"ã€"file" 或者 ""，分别表示 <å称> 是一个别å〠shell ä¿ç•™å­—ã€shell 函数ã€shell 内建ã€ç£ç›˜æ–‡ä»¶æˆ–者未找到 å‚数： å称 需è¦è§£é‡Šçš„命令。 退出状æ€ï¼š 如果所有的 <å称> 都被找到则返回æˆåŠŸï¼›ä»»ä½•ä¸€ä¸ªæœªæ‰¾åˆ°åˆ™å¤±è´¥ã€‚从历å²åˆ—表中显示或者执行命令。 fc å¯ç”¨äºŽä»ŽåŽ†å²åˆ—表中列出命令，或者编辑并é‡æ–°æ‰§è¡Œå‘½ä»¤ã€‚ <起始> å’Œ <终止> å¯ä»¥æ˜¯ç”¨æ¥æŒ‡å®šèŒƒå›´çš„数字，或者 <起始> å¯ä»¥æ˜¯ 字符串，表示以这个字符串打头的最近的一个命令。 选项： -e 编辑器å 选择使用哪个编辑器。默认使用 FCEDITï¼Œç„¶åŽ æ˜¯ EDITOR，然åŽæ˜¯ vi -l 列出行而ä¸ç¼–辑 -n 列举时çœç•¥è¡Œå· -r å转行的顺åºï¼ˆæ–°çš„在å‰ï¼‰ 使用 "fc -s [模å¼=替æ¢ä¸² ...] [命令]" çš„æ ¼å¼ï¼Œ<命令> ä¼šåœ¨å®Œæˆ <模å¼>=<替æ¢ä¸²> 的替æ¢ä¹‹åŽè¢«é‡æ–°æ‰§è¡Œã€‚ r='fc -s' 是一个有用的别å，这样的è¯è¾“å…¥ "r cc" 会执行最åŽä¸€ä¸ªä»¥ "cc" 开头的命令，输入 "r" 会é‡æ–°æ‰§è¡Œæœ€åŽä¸€ä¸ªå‘½ä»¤ã€‚ 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œæˆ–者执行的命令的状æ€ï¼›å¦‚果有错误å‘生，则返回éžé›¶ã€‚显示或æ“纵历å²åˆ—表。 带行å·æ˜¾ç¤ºåŽ†å²åˆ—表，将æ¯ä¸ªè¢«ä¿®æ”¹çš„æ¡ç›®åŠ ä¸Š "*" å‰ç¼€ã€‚ å‚æ•° N 会仅列出最åŽçš„ N 个æ¡ç›®ã€‚ 选项： -c 删除所有æ¡ç›®ä»Žè€Œæ¸…空历å²åˆ—表 -d åç§»é‡ åˆ é™¤ä½äºŽ <å移é‡> 的历å²æ¡ç›®ã€‚è´Ÿçš„ <å移é‡> 表示从 历å²åˆ—表末尾开始倒数 -a 将当å‰ä¼šè¯çš„历å²è¿½åŠ åˆ°åŽ†å²æ–‡ä»¶ä¸­ -n 从历å²æ–‡ä»¶ä¸­è¯»å–所有未被读å–的行，并且将它们追加到历å²åˆ—表 -r 读å–历å²æ–‡ä»¶å¹¶å°†å†…容追加到历å²åˆ—表中 -w 将当å‰åŽ†å²å†™å…¥åˆ°åŽ†å²æ–‡ä»¶ä¸­ -p 对æ¯ä¸€ä¸ª <å‚æ•°> 执行历å²å±•å¼€å¹¶æ˜¾ç¤ºç»“果，而ä¸å­˜å‚¨åˆ°åŽ†å²åˆ—表中 -s å°† <å‚æ•°> 作为å•ä¸€æ¡ç›®è¿½åŠ åˆ°åŽ†å²åˆ—表中 如果给定了 <文件å>，则将其用作历å²æ–‡ä»¶ã€‚å¦åˆ™ï¼Œå¦‚æžœ HISTFILE å˜é‡ 有值的è¯ï¼Œåˆ™ä½¿ç”¨å®ƒï¼Œå¦åˆ™ä½¿ç”¨ ~/.bash_history 文件。 如果 HISTTIMEFORMAT å˜é‡è¢«è®¾å®šå¹¶ä¸”ä¸ä¸ºç©ºï¼Œå®ƒçš„值会被用作 strftime(3) çš„æ ¼å¼å­—符串，以打å°æ¯ä¸ªæ˜¾ç¤ºçš„历å²æ¡ç›®çš„时间戳。å¦åˆ™ï¼Œä¸æ‰“å°æ—¶é—´æˆ³ã€‚ 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†æ— æ•ˆçš„选项，或者有错误å‘生。显示或设定文件模å¼æŽ©ç ã€‚ 设定用户文件创建掩ç ä¸º <模å¼>。如果çœç•¥ <模å¼>，则打å°å½“å‰æŽ©ç çš„值。 如果 <模å¼> 以数字开头，则按照八进制数进行解释；å¦åˆ™è§†ä¸ºä¸€ä¸ª chmod(1) å¯æŽ¥å—的符å·æ¨¡å¼ä¸²ã€‚ 选项： -p 如果çœç•¥ <模å¼>，以å¯é‡ç”¨ä½œè¾“入的格å¼è¾“出 -S 以符å·å½¢å¼è¾“出，å¦åˆ™ä»¥å…«è¿›åˆ¶æ•°æ ¼å¼è¾“出 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†æ— æ•ˆçš„ <模å¼> 或者选项。ä¾æ®é€‰é¡¹æ˜¾ç¤ºå¯èƒ½çš„补全。 设计æ„图是在用æ¥ç”Ÿæˆå¯èƒ½çš„补全的 shell 函数的内部使用。 如果æ供了å¯é€‰çš„ <è¯è¯­> å‚数，则ä¾æ® <è¯è¯­> 产生匹é…。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†æ— æ•ˆçš„选项，或者有错误å‘生。显示进程时间。 打å°æ­¤ shell åŠå…¶æ‰€æœ‰å­è¿›ç¨‹çš„累计用户和系统时间。 退出状æ€ï¼š 总是æˆåŠŸã€‚显示任务状æ€ã€‚ 列出活动的任务。<任务说明符> é™åˆ¶ä»…输出指定的任务。 ä¸å¸¦é€‰é¡¹æ—¶ï¼Œæ˜¾ç¤ºæ‰€æœ‰æ´»åŠ¨ä»»åŠ¡çš„状æ€ã€‚ 选项： -l 在正常信æ¯çš„基础上列出进程 ID -n 仅列出上次通知之åŽæ”¹å˜äº†çŠ¶æ€çš„进程 -p 仅列出进程 ID -r é™åˆ¶ä»…输出è¿è¡Œä¸­çš„任务 -s é™åˆ¶ä»…输出已åœæ­¢çš„任务 如果使用了 -x 选项，<å‚æ•°> 中的所有任务说明符会被替æ¢ä¸ºè¯¥ä»»åŠ¡ 的进程组头领的进程 ID，然åŽç”¨æ›¿æ¢åŽçš„å‚数执行 <命令>。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†æ— æ•ˆçš„选项或者有错误å‘生。 如果使用了 -x 选项，则返回 <命令> 的退出状æ€ã€‚显示当å‰è®°ä½çš„目录列表。 使用 "pushd" 命令将目录加入这个列表； 使用 "popd" 命令é€ä¸ªå›žåˆ°ä¹‹å‰åŠ å…¥åˆ—表的目录。 选项： -c 删除所有元素以清空目录栈 -l 打å°ç›®å½•æ—¶ï¼Œä¸è¡¨ç¤ºä¸ºä»¥æ³¢æµªå· (~) 为å‰ç¼€çš„， 相对于您的主目录的路径 -p æ¯è¡Œä¸€ä¸ªæ¡ç›®æ‰“å°ç›®å½•æ ˆ -v æ¯è¡Œä¸€ä¸ªæ¡ç›®æ‰“å°ç›®å½•æ ˆï¼Œå‰é¢åŠ ä¸Šåœ¨æ ˆä¸­çš„ä½ç½® å‚数： +N 显示 dirs ä¸å¸¦é€‰é¡¹å¯åŠ¨æ—¶æ˜¾ç¤ºçš„目录列表中左起第 N 个目录， 从零开始。 -N 显示 dirs ä¸å¸¦é€‰é¡¹å¯åŠ¨æ—¶æ˜¾ç¤ºçš„目录列表中å³èµ·ç¬¬ N 个目录， 从零开始。已完æˆå·²å®Œæˆ(%d)EMT 指令å¯ç”¨å’Œç¦ç”¨ shell 内建。 å¯ç”¨å’Œç¦ç”¨ shell 的内建命令。ç¦ç”¨å‘½ä»¤ä½¿æ‚¨èƒ½å¤Ÿæ‰§è¡Œå’Œå†…建 命令åŒåçš„ç£ç›˜ä¸Šçš„命令，而无须使用完整的路径å。 选项： -a 打å°å†…建列表，并显示其中æ¯ä¸€ä¸ªæ˜¯å¦å¯ç”¨ -n ç¦ç”¨æ¯ä¸€ä¸ª <å称> 或者显示被ç¦ç”¨çš„内建的列表 -p 以å¯é‡ç”¨çš„æ ¼å¼æ‰“å°å†…建列表 -s ä»…æ‰“å° Posix "特殊" 内建的å称 控制动æ€åŠ è½½çš„选项： -f 从共享对象 <文件å> 中加载 <å称> 内建 -d 删除以 -f 选项加载的内建 ä¸å¸¦é€‰é¡¹æ—¶ï¼Œå¯ç”¨æ¯ä¸€ä¸ª <å称>。 è¦ä½¿ç”¨ $PATH 中找到的 "test" 而ä¸æ˜¯ shell 内建的版本， 请输入 "enable -n test"。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éž <å称> ä¸æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ª shell 内建，或者有错误å‘生。对算术表达å¼è¿›è¡Œæ±‚值。 对 <表达å¼> 按照算术求值的规则进行求值。等价于 "let <表达å¼>"。 退出状æ€ï¼š 如果 <表达å¼> 求值结果为 0，则返回 1ï¼›å¦åˆ™è¿”回 0。对算术表达å¼è¿›è¡Œæ±‚值。 å°†æ¯ä¸ª <å‚æ•°> 作为算术表达å¼è¿›è¡Œæ±‚值。求值在固定宽度的整数中完æˆï¼Œ 没有溢出检测，ä¸è¿‡é™¤ä»¥ 0 的异常会被æ•èŽ·ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸”会报一个错误。下é¢çš„è¿ç®—符 列表中，åŒä¸€è¡Œçš„è¿ç®—符的优先级相等。列表按照优先级从高到低进行排åºã€‚ id++, id-- å˜é‡çš„åŽç¼€è‡ªå¢žã€åŽç¼€è‡ªå‡ ++id, --id å˜é‡çš„å‰ç¼€è‡ªå¢žã€å‰ç¼€è‡ªå‡ -, + 一元负å·ã€æ­£å· !, ~ 逻辑和按ä½å–å ** 指数 *, /, % 乘法ã€é™¤æ³•ã€å–余数 +, - 加法ã€å‡æ³• <<, >> 按ä½å·¦ç§»ã€æŒ‰ä½å³ç§» <=, >=, <, > 比较 ==, != 等于，ä¸ç­‰äºŽ & 按ä½ä¸Ž ^ 按ä½å¼‚或 | 按ä½æˆ– && 逻辑与 || 逻辑或 expr ? expr : expr æ¡ä»¶è¿ç®—符 =, *=, /=, %=, +=, -=, <<=, >>=, &=, ^=, |= 赋值 shell å˜é‡å…许作为æ“作数。å˜é‡çš„å称会被它的值替代（强制转æ¢ä¸ºå›ºå®š 宽度的整数）。å˜é‡ä¸éœ€è¦æ‰“å¼€ "æ•´æ•°" 属性就å¯ä»¥åœ¨è¡¨è¾¾å¼ä¸­ä½¿ç”¨ã€‚ è¿ç®—符按照优先级顺åºè¿›è¡Œæ±‚值。括å·ä¸­çš„å­è¡¨è¾¾å¼å°†æœ€å…ˆæ±‚值， 并å¯ä»¥è¦†ç›–上述优先级规则。 退出状æ€ï¼š 如果最åŽä¸€ä¸ª <å‚æ•°> 求值结果为 0，则 let 返回 1ï¼› å¦åˆ™ let 返回 0。对æ¡ä»¶è¡¨è¾¾å¼è¿›è¡Œæ±‚值。 æ ¹æ® <表达å¼> çš„æ±‚å€¼ç»“æžœï¼Œä»¥çŠ¶æ€ 0（真）或 1（å‡ï¼‰é€€å‡ºã€‚ 表达å¼å¯ä»¥æ˜¯ä¸€å…ƒçš„或者二元的。一元表达å¼é€šå¸¸ç”¨äºŽæ£€æµ‹æ–‡ä»¶çŠ¶æ€ã€‚ åŒæ—¶è¿˜æœ‰å­—符串è¿ç®—符和数值比较è¿ç®—符。 test 的行为å–决于å‚æ•°çš„æ•°é‡ã€‚请阅读 bash 手册页以获å–完整的 说明文档。 文件è¿ç®—符： -a 文件 如果 <文件> 存在则为真。 -b 文件 如果 <文件> 为å—特殊文件则为真。 -c 文件 如果 <文件> 为字符特殊文件则为真。 -d 文件 如果 <文件> 为目录则为真。 -e 文件 如果 <文件> 存在则为真。 -f 文件 如果 <文件> 存在且为普通文件则为真。 -g 文件 如果 <文件> 设置了 setgid ä½åˆ™ä¸ºçœŸã€‚ -h 文件 如果 <文件> 为符å·é“¾æŽ¥åˆ™ä¸ºçœŸã€‚ -L 文件 如果 <文件> 为符å·é“¾æŽ¥åˆ™ä¸ºçœŸã€‚ -k 文件 如果 <文件> è®¾ç½®äº†ç²˜æ»žä½ (sticky bit) 则为真。 -p 文件 如果 <文件> 为命å管é“则为真。 -r 文件 如果 <文件> 对您是å¯è¯»çš„则为真。 -s 文件 如果 <文件> 存在且ä¸ä¸ºç©ºåˆ™ä¸ºçœŸã€‚ -S 文件 如果 <文件> 是套接字则为真。 -t FD 如果文件æ述符 已在一个终端上打开则为真。 -u 文件 如果 <文件> 设置了 setuid ä½åˆ™ä¸ºçœŸã€‚ -w 文件 如果 <文件> 对您是å¯å†™çš„则为真。 -x 文件 如果 <文件> 对您是å¯æ‰§è¡Œçš„则为真。 -O 文件 如果 <文件> 是被您（有效 uid）所有的则为真。 -G 文件 如果 <文件> 是被您的组（有效 gid）所有的则为真。 -N 文件 如果 <文件> 上次读å–之åŽè¢«ä¿®æ”¹è¿‡åˆ™ä¸ºçœŸã€‚ 文件1 -nt 文件2 如果 <文件1> 新于 <文件2> 则为真（根æ®ä¿®æ”¹æ—¥æœŸ)。 文件1 -ot 文件2 如果 <文件1> 旧于 <文件2> 则为真。 文件1 -ef 文件2 如果 <文件1> 是到 <文件2> 的硬链接则为真。 字符串è¿ç®—符： -z 字符串 如果 <字符串> 为空则为真。 -n 字符串 字符串 如果 <字符串> ä¸ä¸ºç©ºåˆ™ä¸ºçœŸã€‚ 字符串1 = 字符串2 如果两个字符串相等则为真。 字符串1 != 字符串2 如果两个字符串ä¸ç›¸ç­‰åˆ™ä¸ºçœŸã€‚ 字符串1 < 字符串2 å¦‚æžœæŒ‰å­—å…¸åº <字符串1> 在 <字符串2> 之å‰åˆ™ä¸ºçœŸã€‚ 字符串1 > 字符串2 å¦‚æžœæŒ‰å­—å…¸åº <字符串1> 在 <字符串2> 之åŽåˆ™ä¸ºçœŸã€‚ 其他è¿ç®—符： -o 选项 如果指定的 shell 选项 <选项> å¯ç”¨åˆ™ä¸ºçœŸã€‚ -v å˜é‡ 如果指定的 shell å˜é‡ <å˜é‡> 已设定则为真。 -R å˜é‡ 如果指定的 shell å˜é‡ <å˜é‡> 已设定且为å称引用则为真。 ! è¡¨è¾¾å¼ å¦‚æžœ <表达å¼> 为å‡åˆ™ä¸ºçœŸã€‚ 表达å¼1 -a 表达å¼2 如果 <表达å¼1> å’Œ <表达å¼2> 都为真则为真。 表达å¼1 -o 表达å¼2 如果 <表达å¼1> å’Œ <表达å¼2> 中任何一个为真则为真。 å‚æ•°1 è¿ç®—符 å‚æ•°2 算术测试。<è¿ç®—符> å¯ä»¥æ˜¯ -eqã€-ne〠-ltã€-leã€-gt 或 -ge 中的一个。 二元算术è¿ç®—符返回真，如果 <å‚æ•°1> 等于ã€ä¸ç­‰äºŽã€å°äºŽã€å°äºŽç­‰äºŽã€ 大于，或者大于等于 <å‚æ•°2>。 退出状æ€ï¼š 如果 <表达å¼> 求值结果为真则返回æˆåŠŸï¼›å¦‚æžœ <表达å¼> 求值结果为å‡ï¼Œ 或者使用了无效的å‚数，则返回失败。对æ¡ä»¶è¡¨è¾¾å¼è¿›è¡Œæ±‚值。 åŒ "test" 内建，但是最åŽä¸€ä¸ªå‚数必须是字符 "]"，以匹é…起始的 "["。执行一个简å•å‘½ä»¤æˆ–者显示命令的相关信æ¯ã€‚ 带 <å‚æ•°> è¿è¡Œ <命令> 且阻止 shell 函数查找æµç¨‹ï¼Œæˆ–显示指定的 <命令> çš„ä¿¡æ¯ã€‚å¯ä»¥åœ¨å·²å­˜åœ¨åŒå函数的情况下用于å¯åŠ¨ç£ç›˜ä¸Šçš„命令。 选项： -p 使用 PATH å˜é‡çš„一个默认值，以确ä¿æ‰€æœ‰çš„标准工具都能被找到 -v æ‰“å° <命令> çš„æ述，和 "type" 内建相似 -V 打å°æ¯ä¸ª <命令> 的更详细的æè¿° 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回 <命令> 的退出状æ€ï¼Œæˆ–者当找ä¸åˆ° <命令> 时则返回失败。将å‚数作为 shell 命令执行。 å°† <å‚æ•°> 组åˆæˆä¸€ä¸ªå­—符串，用结果作为 shell 的输入，并执行得到的命令。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回命令的退出状æ€ï¼Œæˆ–者在命令为空的情况下返回æˆåŠŸã€‚åªè¦æµ‹è¯•ä»ç„¶ä¸æˆåŠŸï¼Œå°±æ‰§è¡Œå‘½ä»¤ã€‚ åªè¦ <命令> 中的最åŽä¸€ä¸ªå‘½ä»¤çš„退出状æ€ä»ç„¶ä¸ä¸º 0，就展开并执行 <命令-2>。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回最åŽä¸€ä¸ªæ‰§è¡Œçš„命令的状æ€ã€‚åªè¦æµ‹è¯•ä»ç„¶æˆåŠŸï¼Œå°±æ‰§è¡Œå‘½ä»¤ã€‚ åªè¦ <命令> 中的最åŽä¸€ä¸ªå‘½ä»¤çš„退出状æ€ä»ç„¶ä¸º 0，就展开并执行 <命令-2>。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回最åŽä¸€ä¸ªæ‰§è¡Œçš„命令的状æ€ã€‚æ ¹æ®æ¡ä»¶æ‰§è¡Œå‘½ä»¤ã€‚ 执行 "if 命令" 列表。如果退出状æ€ä¸ºé›¶ï¼Œåˆ™æ‰§è¡Œ "then 命令" 列表。 å¦åˆ™æŒ‰é¡ºåºæ‰§è¡Œæ¯ä¸ª "elif 命令" 列表，如果æŸä¸€ä¸ªçš„退出状æ€ä¸ºé›¶ï¼Œåˆ™æ‰§è¡Œ 对应的 "then 命令" åˆ—è¡¨ï¼Œç„¶åŽ if 命令完æˆã€‚å¦åˆ™ï¼Œæ‰§è¡Œ "else 命令" 列表（如果有的è¯ï¼‰ã€‚整个结构的退出状æ€æ˜¯æœ€åŽä¸€ä¸ªæ‰§è¡Œçš„命令的状æ€ï¼Œ 或者如果没有一个æ¡ä»¶çš„测试结果为真，则退出状æ€ä¸ºé›¶ã€‚ 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回最åŽä¸€ä¸ªæ‰§è¡Œçš„命令的状æ€ã€‚基于模å¼åŒ¹é…æ¥æ‰§è¡Œå‘½ä»¤ã€‚ æ ¹æ®å’Œ <è¯è¯­> 匹é…çš„ <模å¼> ，选择性地执行 <命令>。 "|" 用于分隔多个模å¼ã€‚ 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回最åŽä¸€ä¸ªæ‰§è¡Œçš„命令的状æ€ã€‚为列表中的æ¯ä¸ªæˆå‘˜æ‰§è¡Œå‘½ä»¤ã€‚ "for" 循环为列表中的æ¯ä¸ªæˆå‘˜æ‰§è¡Œä¸€ç³»åˆ—的命令。 如果没有 "in è¯è¯­ ...;" ，则å‡å®šä½¿ç”¨ `in "$@"'。对于 <è¯è¯­> 中的 æ¯ä¸ªå…ƒç´ ï¼Œ<å称> 被设定为该元素，然åŽæ‰§è¡Œ <命令>。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回最åŽæ‰§è¡Œçš„命令的状æ€ã€‚åœ¨å½“å‰ shell 中执行一个文件中的命令。 åœ¨å½“å‰ shell 中读å–并执行 <文件å> 中的命令。将使用 $PATH å˜é‡ä¸­çš„ æ¡ç›®å¯»æ‰¾åŒ…å« <文件å> 的目录。如果æ供了 <å‚æ•°>，则它们将æˆä¸º <文件å> 执行时的ä½ç½®å‚数。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回 <文件å> 中最åŽä¸€ä¸ªè¢«æ‰§è¡Œçš„命令的状æ€ï¼›å¦‚æžœæ— æ³•è¯»å– <文件å>， 则返回失败。执行æ¡ä»¶å‘½ä»¤ã€‚ æ ¹æ®æ¡ä»¶è¡¨è¾¾å¼ <表达å¼> çš„æ±‚å€¼ç»“æžœè¿”å›žçŠ¶æ€ 0 或 1。表达å¼çš„基本元素 与 "test" 内建相åŒï¼Œä¸”å¯ä»¥é€šè¿‡ä¸‹åˆ—è¿ç®—符进行组åˆï¼š ( è¡¨è¾¾å¼ ) 返回 <表达å¼> 的值 ! è¡¨è¾¾å¼ å¦‚æžœ <表达å¼> 为å‡åˆ™ä¸ºçœŸï¼Œå¦åˆ™ä¸ºå‡ 表达å¼1 && 表达å¼2 如果 <表达å¼1> å’Œ <表达å¼2> å‡ä¸ºçœŸåˆ™ä¸ºçœŸï¼Œ å¦åˆ™ä¸ºå‡ 表达å¼1 || 表达å¼2 如果 <表达å¼1> å’Œ <表达å¼2> 中任何一个为真 则为真，å¦åˆ™ä¸ºå‡ 当使用 "==" å’Œ "!=" è¿ç®—符时，è¿ç®—符å³è¾¹çš„字符串被视为模å¼ï¼Œè¿›è¡Œæ¨¡å¼åŒ¹é…。 当使用 "=~" è¿ç®—符时，è¿ç®—符å³è¾¹çš„字符串被视为正则表达å¼æ¥è¿›è¡ŒåŒ¹é…。 如果 <表达å¼1> 足够确定整个表达å¼çš„值，è¿ç®—符 && å’Œ || å°†ä¸ä¼šå¯¹ <表达å¼2> 进行求值。 退出状æ€ï¼š æ ¹æ® <表达å¼> 的值返回 0 或 1。执行 shell 内建。 带 <å‚æ•°> 执行 ，并且跳过命令查找æµç¨‹ã€‚在希望以 shell 函数 çš„å½¢å¼é‡æ–°å®žçŽ° shell 内建，并且希望在该函数中执行该 shell 内建的情况下 很有用。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回 的退出状æ€ï¼Œæˆ–者如果 ä¸æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ª shell 内建 时返回å‡ã€‚退出 %d退出一个登录 shell。 退出一个登录 shell，退出状æ€ä¸º N。如果ä¸åœ¨ç™»å½• shell 中执行， 则返回一个错误。退出 forã€while 或 until 循环。 退出一个 FORã€WHILE 或 UNTIL 循环。如果指定了 N，则跳出 从里往外数共 N é‡å¾ªçŽ¯ã€‚ 退出状æ€ï¼š 退出状æ€ä¸º 0ï¼Œé™¤éž N ä¸å¤§äºŽç­‰äºŽ 1。退出 shell。 退出 shell，退出状æ€ä¸º N。如果 N 被çœç•¥ï¼Œåˆ™é€€å‡ºçŠ¶æ€ä¸ºæœ€åŽä¸€ä¸ªæ‰§è¡Œçš„ 命令的退出状æ€ã€‚文件é™åˆ¶æµ®ç‚¹å¼‚常在 <æ ¼å¼> 的控制下格å¼åŒ–å¹¶æ‰“å° <å‚æ•°>。 选项： -v å˜é‡ 将输出赋值给 shell å˜é‡ <å˜é‡>，而ä¸æ˜¯å°†å®ƒæ˜¾ç¤ºåœ¨ 标准输出上 FORMAT 是包å«ä¸‰ç§ç±»åž‹çš„对象的字符串：普通字符，会被简å•åœ°å¤åˆ¶åˆ°æ ‡å‡†è¾“出； 字符转义åºåˆ—，会在转义之åŽå¤åˆ¶åˆ°æ ‡å‡†è¾“出；格å¼è¯´æ˜Žç¬¦ï¼Œæ¯ä¸ªéƒ½ä¼šè®© shell æ‰“å° ä¸‹ä¸€ä¸ªå¤šä½™çš„å‚数。 除了 printf(1) 中æ述的标准格å¼è¯´æ˜Žç¬¦ä»¥å¤–，printf 还å¯è§£æžï¼š %b 展开对应å‚数中的åæ–œæ è½¬ä¹‰åºåˆ— %q 以å¯ä»¥é‡æ–°ç”¨ä½œ shell 输入的格å¼ç»™å‚æ•°åŠ ä¸Šå¼•å· %Q 类似 %q，但是精度è¦æ±‚会在加引å·ä¹‹å‰å¯¹å°šæœªåŠ å¼•å·çš„å‚数生效 %(æ ¼å¼)T å°† <æ ¼å¼> 作为 strftime(3) çš„æ ¼å¼å­—符串，并输出产生的 日期-时间字符串 有必è¦æ—¶ï¼Œä¼šé‡æ–°ä½¿ç”¨æ ¼å¼ä¸²ä»¥æ¶ˆè€—所有å‚数。如果å‚æ•°çš„æ•°é‡å°‘于格å¼ä¸²è¦æ±‚ çš„æ•°é‡ï¼Œåˆ™è§†ä¸ºå°†é›¶å€¼æˆ–空字符串（视情况而定）æ供给了多余的格å¼è¯´æ˜Žç¬¦ã€‚ 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†æ— æ•ˆçš„选项，或者å‘生了写入或赋值错误。GNU bash，版本 %s (%s) GNU bash，版本 %s-(%s) GNU 长选项： 使用 GNU 软件的通用帮助： 将命令组åˆä¸ºä¸€ä¸ªå•å…ƒã€‚ è¿è¡Œä¸€ä¸ªç»„中的命令集åˆã€‚这是对整个命令集åˆè¿›è¡Œé‡å®šå‘的方法之一。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回最åŽä¸€ä¸ªæ‰§è¡Œçš„命令的状æ€ã€‚HFT 输入数æ®å¾…处ç†å·²æŽˆäºˆ HFT 监视模å¼å·²æ’¤é”€ HFT 监视模å¼å·²å®Œæˆ HFT 声音åºåˆ—HOME 未设定挂断无åæ°ï¼I/O 就绪信æ¯ï¼šéžæ³•æŒ‡ä»¤ä¿¡æ¯è¯·æ±‚中断已æ€æ­»è®¸å¯è¯ GPLv3+：GNU GPL 许å¯è¯ç¬¬ä¸‰ç‰ˆæˆ–者更新版本 标记 shell å˜é‡ä¸ºä¸å¯æ”¹å˜ã€‚ 标记æ¯ä¸€ä¸ª <å称> 为åªè¯»ï¼›è¿™äº› <å称> 的值将ä¸å¯ä»¥è¢«åŽç»­çš„赋值æ“作 所改å˜ã€‚如果æ供了 <值>，则在标记为åªè¯»ä¹‹å‰å°† <值> 赋给å˜é‡ã€‚ 选项： -a 所指代的是索引数组å˜é‡ -A 所指代的是关è”数组å˜é‡ -f 所指代的是 shell 函数 -p 显示所有åªè¯»å˜é‡æˆ–者函数的列表，å–决于是å¦æ供了 -f 选项 å‚æ•° "--" ç¦ç”¨åŽç»­çš„选项处ç†ã€‚ 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†æ— æ•ˆçš„选项，或者 <å称> 无效。修改或显示补全选项。 修改æ¯ä¸ª <å称> 的补全选项，或者如果没有æä¾› <å称>，修改正在执行的补全的 选项。如果没有æä¾› <选项>，打å°æ¯ä¸ª <å称> 的补全选项或者当å‰çš„补全规约。 选项： -o 选项 为æ¯ä¸ª <å称> 设定补全选项 <选项> -D 修改 "默认" (default) 命令的补全选项 -E 修改 "空" (empty) 命令的补全选项 -I 修改首个å•è¯çš„补全选项 使用 "+o" 代替 "-o" å¯ä»¥å…³é—­æŒ‡å®šçš„选项。 å‚数： æ¯ä¸ª <å称> 都对应一个之å‰å·²é€šè¿‡ "complete" 内建定义了补全规约的命令。 如果没有æä¾› <å称>，compopt 必须由当å‰æ­£åœ¨ç”Ÿæˆè¡¥å…¨çš„函数进行调用， 并且当å‰æ­£åœ¨æ‰§è¡Œçš„补全生æˆå™¨çš„选项会被修改。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†æ— æ•ˆçš„选项，或者 <å称> 没有定义补全规约。修改 shell 资æºé™åˆ¶ã€‚ 在å…许此类控制的系统上，æ供对于 shell åŠå…¶åˆ›å»ºçš„进程å¯ä½¿ç”¨çš„资æºçš„ 控制。 选项： -S 使用 "软" (soft) 资æºé™åˆ¶ -H 使用 "硬" (hard) 资æºé™åˆ¶ -a 报告当å‰çš„所有é™åˆ¶ -b å¥—æŽ¥å­—ç¼“å†²åŒºå¤§å° -c åˆ›å»ºçš„æ ¸å¿ƒæ–‡ä»¶çš„æœ€å¤§å¤§å° -d 一个进程的数æ®æ®µçš„æœ€å¤§å¤§å° -e 调度优先级 (nice) 的最大值 -f shell åŠå…¶å­è¿›ç¨‹å¯ä»¥å†™çš„æœ€å¤§æ–‡ä»¶å¤§å° -i å¯ä»¥æŒ‚起的最大信å·æ•°é‡ -k 分é…给此进程的最大 kqueue æ•°é‡ -l 一个进程å¯ä»¥é”å®šçš„æœ€å¤§å†…å­˜å¤§å° -m é©»ç•™é›†çš„æœ€å¤§å¤§å° -n 打开的文件æ述符的最大个数 -p 管é“ç¼“å†²åŒºå¤§å° -q POSIX 消æ¯é˜Ÿåˆ—的最大字节数 -r 实时调度的最大优先级 -s æœ€å¤§æ ˆå¤§å° -t 最大的 CPU 时间，以秒为å•ä½ -u 最大用户进程数 -v è™šæ‹Ÿå†…å­˜å¤§å° -x 文件é”çš„æœ€å¤§æ•°é‡ -P ä¼ªç»ˆç«¯çš„æœ€å¤§æ•°é‡ -R 实时进程阻塞å‰å¯è¿è¡Œçš„最大时间 -T æœ€å¤§çº¿ç¨‹æ•°é‡ å¹¶éžæ‰€æœ‰é€‰é¡¹éƒ½åœ¨æ‰€æœ‰ç³»ç»Ÿä¸Šå¯ç”¨ã€‚ 如果æ供了 <é™åˆ¶>，则它将æˆä¸ºæŒ‡å®šçš„资æºçš„新的值；特殊的 <é™åˆ¶> 值为 "soft"ã€"hard" å’Œ "unlimited"，分别表示当å‰çš„软é™åˆ¶ã€å½“å‰çš„硬é™åˆ¶ï¼Œ 以åŠæ— é™åˆ¶ã€‚å¦åˆ™ï¼Œæ‰“å°æŒ‡å®šèµ„æºçš„当å‰é™åˆ¶å€¼ã€‚如果未æ供选项，则å‡å®š 为 -f。 é™åˆ¶å€¼çš„å•ä½éƒ½æ˜¯ 1024 字节，除了 -t å•ä½æ˜¯ç§’，-p å•ä½æ˜¯ 512 字节， -u 为未ç»ç¼©æ”¾çš„进程数é‡ã€‚ 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†æ— æ•ˆçš„选项，或者有错误å‘生。将任务移至å‰å°ã€‚ 将以 <任务说明符> 指定的任务放至å‰å°ï¼Œä½¿å…¶æˆä¸ºå½“å‰ä»»åŠ¡ã€‚ 如果没有给出 <任务说明符>，shell 观念中的当å‰ä»»åŠ¡å°†ä¼šè¢«ä½¿ç”¨ã€‚ 退出状æ€ï¼š 放至å‰å°çš„命令的状æ€ï¼Œæˆ–者当错误å‘生时则返回失败。将任务移至åŽå°ã€‚ 将以 <任务说明符> 指定的任务放至åŽå°ï¼Œå°±åƒå®ƒä»¬æ˜¯å¸¦ "&" å¯åŠ¨çš„一样。 如果没有给出 <任务说明符>，shell 观念中的当å‰ä»»åŠ¡å°†ä¼šè¢«ä½¿ç”¨ã€‚ 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä»»åŠ¡æŽ§åˆ¶æ²¡æœ‰å¯ç”¨ï¼Œæˆ–者有错误å‘生。空的命令。 没有效果； 此命令ä¸åšä»»ä½•æ“作。 退出状æ€ï¼š 总是æˆåŠŸã€‚OLDPWD 未设定解æžé€‰é¡¹å‚数。 getopts å¯åœ¨ shell 过程中使用，将ä½ç½®å‚数解æžä¸ºé€‰é¡¹ã€‚ <选项字符串> 包å«å¾…识别的选项字æ¯ï¼›å¦‚果一个字æ¯åŽé¢è·Ÿç€ä¸€ä¸ªå†’å·ï¼Œ 则该选项需è¦ä¸€ä¸ªå‚数，å‚数与选项之间应当用空格隔开。 æ¯æ¬¡è¢«è°ƒç”¨æ—¶ï¼Œgetopts 会将下一个选项放到 shell å˜é‡ $<å称> 中， 如果 <å称> å˜é‡ä¸å­˜åœ¨åˆ™å…ˆå°†å…¶åˆå§‹åŒ–，并将下一个待处ç†çš„å‚æ•°çš„åºå· 放入 shell å˜é‡ OPTIND 中。OPTIND å˜é‡åœ¨æ¯æ¬¡ shell 或者 shell 脚本 å¯åŠ¨æ—¶éƒ½è¢«åˆå§‹åŒ–为 1。当一个选项è¦æ±‚有一个å‚数时，getopts 将该å‚æ•° 放入 shell å˜é‡ OPTARG 中。 getopts 有两ç§æŠ¥å‘Šé”™è¯¯çš„方法。如果 <选项字符串> 的第一个字符是 冒å·ï¼Œgetopts 使用沉默错误报告。在此模å¼ä¸‹ï¼Œä¸ä¼šæ‰“å°é”™è¯¯æ¶ˆæ¯ã€‚ 如果é‡åˆ°äº†ä¸€ä¸ªæ— æ•ˆçš„选项，getopts 将找到的选项字符放入 OPTARG å˜é‡ä¸­ã€‚如果没有找到必需的å‚数，getopts 放置一个 ":" 到 <å称> å˜é‡ä¸­ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸”å°† OPTARG å˜é‡è®¾ç½®ä¸ºæ‰¾åˆ°çš„选项字符。如果 getopts ä¸å¤„于 沉默模å¼ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸”é‡åˆ°äº†ä¸€ä¸ªæ— æ•ˆçš„选项，getopts 放置 "?" 到 <å称> å˜é‡ 中并且å–消设定 OPTARG å˜é‡ã€‚如果没有找到必需的å‚数，一个 "?" 会被 放入 <å称> å˜é‡ä¸­ï¼ŒOPTARG 将被å–消设定，并且会打å°ä¸€ä¸ªè¯Šæ–­ä¿¡æ¯ã€‚ 如果 shell å˜é‡ OPTERR 的值为 0，getopts 会ç¦ç”¨é”™è¯¯ä¿¡æ¯çš„打å°ï¼Œ å³ä½¿ <选项字符串> 的第一个字符ä¸æ˜¯å†’å·ã€‚OPTERR 的默认值为 1。 getopts 通常解æžä½ç½®å‚数，ä¸è¿‡å¦‚果在 <å‚æ•°> 中æ供了å‚数，则转而 解æžå®ƒä»¬ã€‚ 退出状æ€ï¼š 如果找到了一个选项，则返回æˆåŠŸï¼›å¦‚æžœé‡åˆ°äº†é€‰é¡¹çš„末尾或者有错误å‘生， 则返回失败。打å°å½“å‰å·¥ä½œç›®å½•çš„å字。 选项： -L æ‰“å° $PWD å˜é‡çš„值，如果它包å«äº†å½“å‰çš„工作目录 -P 打å°å½“å‰çš„物ç†ç›®å½•ï¼Œè€Œä¸åŒ…å«ä»»ä½•çš„符å·é“¾æŽ¥ 默认情况下，"pwd" 的行为和给定了 "-L" 时一致。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回 0，除éžä½¿ç”¨äº†æ— æ•ˆçš„选项，或者无法读å–当å‰ç›®å½•ã€‚退出从标准输入读å–一行，并将其分割为ä¸åŒçš„字段。 从标准输入读å–å•ç‹¬çš„一行，或者如果使用了 -u 选项，从文件æ述符 中 读å–。该行会被分割æˆå­—段，如åŒåˆ†å‰²è¯è¯­ä¸€æ ·ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸”第一个è¯è¢«èµ‹å€¼ç»™ç¬¬ä¸€ä¸ª <å称>，第二个è¯è¢«èµ‹å€¼ç»™ç¬¬äºŒä¸ª <å称>，以此类推，剩下所有的è¯è¢«èµ‹å€¼ç»™ 最åŽä¸€ä¸ª <å称>。åªæœ‰ $IFS 中的字符会被视为è¯è¯­åˆ†éš”符。默认情况下， åæ–œæ å­—符å¯ä»¥è½¬ä¹‰åˆ†éš”符和æ¢è¡Œç¬¦ã€‚ 如果没有æä¾› <å称>，则读å–的行被存放在 REPLY å˜é‡ä¸­ã€‚ 选项： -a 数组 å°†è¯è¯­æŒ‰é¡ºåºèµ‹å€¼ç»™ <数组> å˜é‡çš„å„个æˆå‘˜ï¼Œç´¢å¼•ä»Žé›¶å¼€å§‹ -d 分隔符 继续读å–，直到é‡åˆ° <分隔符> 的第一个字符，而ä¸æ˜¯æ¢è¡Œç¬¦ -e 使用 Readline 获å–è¡Œ -i 文本 使用 <文本> 作为 Readline çš„åˆå§‹æ–‡å­— -n 字符数 è¯»å– <字符数> 个字符之åŽè¿”回，而ä¸æ˜¯ç­‰åˆ°è¯»å–æ¢è¡Œç¬¦ã€‚ 但是如果读å–了ä¸åˆ° <字符数> 个字符就é‡åˆ°äº†åˆ†éš”符， 则分隔符ä»ç„¶ç”Ÿæ•ˆ -N 字符数 仅在æ°å¥½è¯»å–了 <字符数> 个字符之åŽè¿”回，除éžé‡åˆ° EOF 或者读å–超时。忽略所有的分隔符 -p æ示符 在å°è¯•è¿›è¡Œè¯»å–之å‰å…ˆè¾“出 <æ示符>（ä¸åŠ æ¢è¡Œï¼‰ -r ä¸å…许åæ–œæ è½¬ä¹‰ä»»ä½•å­—符 -s ä¸å›žæ˜¾æ¥è‡ªç»ˆç«¯çš„输入 -t 超时 如果在 <超时> 秒内没有读å–一个完整的行则超时并且返回失败。 默认的超时时间是 TMOUT å˜é‡çš„值。<超时> å¯ä»¥æ˜¯å°æ•°ã€‚ 如果 <超时> 是 0，read 会立å³è¿”回而ä¸å°è¯•è¯»å–任何数æ®ï¼Œ 且仅当å¯ä»¥ä»ŽæŒ‡å®šçš„文件æ述符获å–输入时，æ‰è¿”回æˆåŠŸã€‚ 如果超过了超时时间，则退出状æ€å¤§äºŽ 128 -u fd 从文件æ述符 中读å–，而ä¸æ˜¯æ ‡å‡†è¾“å…¥ 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回ç ä¸ºé›¶ï¼Œé™¤éžé‡åˆ°äº†æ–‡ä»¶ç»“æŸç¬¦ã€è¯»å–超时（此时返回ç å¤§äºŽ 128）〠å‘生了å˜é‡èµ‹å€¼é”™è¯¯ï¼Œæˆ–者 -u 选项的å‚数中的文件æ述符无效。从一个文件中读å–行到数组å˜é‡ä¸­ã€‚ åŒ "mapfile"。从标准输入读å–行到索引数组å˜é‡ä¸­ã€‚ 从标准输入读å–行到索引数组å˜é‡ <数组> 中，或者如果使用了 -u 选项， 从文件æ述符 中读å–。默认的 <数组> 是 MAPFILE å˜é‡ã€‚ 选项： -d 分隔符 使用 <分隔符> 而éžæ¢è¡Œç¬¦æ ‡å¿—ä¸€è¡Œçš„ç»“æŸ -n 计数 最多å¤åˆ¶ <计数> 行。如果 <计数> 为 0，则å¤åˆ¶æ‰€æœ‰è¡Œ -O 起始 从索引 <起始> 开始赋值给 <数组> å˜é‡ã€‚默认索引是 0 -s 计数 丢弃最åˆè¯»å–çš„ <计数> è¡Œ -t 从读å–çš„æ¯è¡Œæœ«å°¾åˆ é™¤ä¸€ä¸ª <分隔符>（默认为æ¢è¡Œç¬¦ï¼‰ -u fd 从文件æ述符 中读å–行，而ä¸æ˜¯æ ‡å‡†è¾“å…¥ -C 回调 æ¯è¯»å– <é—´éš”> 行之åŽå¯¹ <回调> 进行求值 -c é—´éš” 指定æ¯æ¬¡è°ƒç”¨ <回调> 之å‰è¯»å–的行数 å‚数： 数组 存储文件数æ®ä½¿ç”¨çš„数组å˜é‡å 如果使用了 -C 而没有 -c，默认的间隔是 5000。当对 <回调> 进行求值时， 下一个将被赋值的数组元素的索引以åŠå°†è¢«èµ‹ç»™é‚£ä¸ªå…ƒç´ çš„行会作为é¢å¤–å‚æ•° 被传递给它。 如果没有显å¼æŒ‡å®šèµ·å§‹ç´¢å¼•ï¼Œmapfile 会在赋值å‰æ¸…空 <数组>。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†æ— æ•ˆçš„选项，或者 <数组> 为åªè¯»æˆ–ä¸æ˜¯ç´¢å¼•æ•°ç»„。记录é”è®°ä½æˆ–显示程åºä½ç½®ã€‚ 确定并记ä½æ¯ä¸ªå‘½ä»¤ <å称> 的完整路径å。 如果ä¸æä¾›å‚数，则显示已ç»è®°ä½çš„命令的信æ¯ã€‚ 选项： -d 忘记æ¯ä¸€ä¸ª <å称> çš„å·²ç»è®°ä½çš„ä½ç½® -l 以å¯é‡æ–°ç”¨ä½œè¾“入的格å¼æ˜¾ç¤º -p 路径å 使用 <路径å> 作为 <命令> 的完整路径å -r 忘记所有已ç»è®°ä½çš„ä½ç½® -t 打å°æ¯ä¸€ä¸ª <å称> çš„å·²ç»è®°ä½çš„ä½ç½®ï¼Œå¦‚果指定了多个 <å称>，则在æ¯ä¸ªä½ç½®å‰é¢åŠ ä¸Šå¯¹åº”çš„ <å称> å‚数： å称 会在 $PATH 中æœç´¢æ¯ä¸ª <å称>，并且添加到已ç»è®°ä½çš„命令 列表中。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžæ²¡æœ‰æ‰¾åˆ° <å称>，或者使用了无效的选项。从栈中删除目录。 从目录栈中删除æ¡ç›®ã€‚ä¸å¸¦å‚数时，删除栈顶目录，并改å˜ç›®å½•è‡³æ–°çš„栈顶目录。 选项： -n 阻止从栈中删除目录时通常的改å˜ç›®å½•æ“作，从而仅对栈进行æ“作。 å‚数： +N 删除第 N 个目录（"dirs" 显示的列表中左起，从零开始）。 例如："popd +0" 删除第一个目录，"popd +1" 删除第二个。 -N 删除第 N 个目录（"dirs" 显示的列表中å³èµ·ï¼Œä»Žé›¶å¼€å§‹ï¼‰ã€‚ 例如："popd -0" 删除最åŽä¸€ä¸ªç›®å½•ï¼Œ"popd -1" 删除倒数第二个。 "dirs" 内建å¯ä»¥æ˜¾ç¤ºç›®å½•æ ˆã€‚ 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†æ— æ•ˆçš„å‚数，或者改å˜ç›®å½•å¤±è´¥ã€‚从已定义的别å列表中删除æ¯ä¸€ä¸ª <å称>。 选项： -a 删除所有的别å定义 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éž <å称> ä¸æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªå·²å­˜åœ¨çš„别åã€‚ä»Žå½“å‰ shell 中删除任务。 从活动任务列表中删除æ¯ä¸€ä¸ª <任务说明符> å‚数。ä¸å¸¦ä»»ä½• <任务说明符> 时，shell 使用它的观念中的当å‰ä»»åŠ¡ã€‚ 选项： -a 如果ä¸æä¾› <任务说明符>，则删除所有任务 -h 标记æ¯ä¸ª <任务说明符> 对应的任务，从而当 shell 接收到 SIGHUP ä¿¡å·æ—¶ä¸å‘é€ SIGHUP 给指定任务 -r 仅删除è¿è¡Œä¸­çš„任务 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†æ— æ•ˆçš„选项或者 <任务说明符>。从目录栈中删除æ¡ç›®ã€‚ä¸å¸¦å‚数时，删除栈顶目录，并改å˜ç›®å½•è‡³æ–°çš„栈顶目录。 选项： -n 阻止从栈中删除目录时通常的改å˜ç›®å½•æ“作，从而仅对栈进行æ“作。 å‚数： +N 删除第 N 个目录（"dirs" 显示的列表中左起，从零开始）。 例如："popd +0" 删除第一个目录，"popd +1" 删除第二个。 -N 删除第 N 个目录（"dirs" 显示的列表中å³èµ·ï¼Œä»Žé›¶å¼€å§‹ï¼‰ã€‚ 例如："popd -0" 删除最åŽä¸€ä¸ªç›®å½•ï¼Œ"popd -1" 删除倒数第二个。 "dirs" 内建å¯ä»¥æ˜¾ç¤ºç›®å½•æ ˆã€‚ä½¿ç”¨æŒ‡å®šå‘½ä»¤æ›¿æ¢ shell。 执行 <命令>，以指定的程åºæ›¿æ¢è¿™ä¸ª shell。以 <å‚æ•°> 作为 <命令> çš„å‚数。 如果没有指定 <命令>，则任何的 <é‡å®šå‘> éƒ½åœ¨å½“å‰ shell 中生效。 选项： -a å称 å°† <å称> 作为第 0 个å‚数传递给 <命令> -c 在一个空的环境中执行 <命令> -l 在 <命令> 的第 0 个å‚数中放置一个短横线 (-) 如果无法执行命令，则退出一个éžäº¤äº’å¼çš„ shell，除éžè®¾å®šäº† shell 选项 "execfail"。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžæœªæ‰¾åˆ° <命令>，或者出现一个 <é‡å®šå‘> 错误。报告æµæ°´çº¿æ‰§è¡Œæ¶ˆè€—的时间。 执行 <æµæ°´çº¿> å¹¶ä¸”æ‰“å° <æµæ°´çº¿> 终止时消耗的真实时间ã€ç”¨æˆ· CPU 时间 和系统 CPU 时间的总结。 选项： -p 用å¯ç§»æ¤çš„ POSIX æ ¼å¼æ‰“å°ç”¨æ—¶æ€»ç»“。 使用 TIMEFORMAT å˜é‡çš„值作为输出格å¼ã€‚ 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回状æ€æ˜¯ <æµæ°´çº¿> 的返回状æ€ã€‚继续 forã€while 或 until 循环。 ç»§ç»­è¿›è¡Œå½“å‰ FORã€WHILE 或 UNTIL 循环的下一次迭代。 如果指定了 N， 则继续进行从里往外数第 N é‡å¾ªçŽ¯çš„下一次迭代。 退出状æ€ï¼š 退出状æ€ä¸º 0ï¼Œé™¤éž N ä¸å¤§äºŽç­‰äºŽ 1。在å‰å°ç»§ç»­ä»»åŠ¡ã€‚ ç­‰ä»·äºŽå‘ "fg" 命令传递 <任务说明符> å‚数。继续一个已åœæ­¢çš„任务或 åŽå°ä»»åŠ¡ã€‚<任务说明符> å¯ä»¥æ˜¯ä»»åŠ¡å称或任务编å·ã€‚在 <任务说明符> åŽåŠ ä¸Šä¸€ä¸ª "&" 会把任务放至åŽå°ï¼Œå°±åƒè¯¥ä»»åŠ¡è¯´æ˜Žç¬¦è¢«ä½œä¸º "bg" çš„å‚æ•° 执行一样。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回被继续的任务的状æ€ã€‚返回一个æˆåŠŸçš„结果。 退出状æ€ï¼š 总是æˆåŠŸã€‚返回一个ä¸æˆåŠŸçš„结果。 退出状æ€ï¼š 总是失败。从一个 shell 函数返回。 使一个函数或者被 source 的脚本退出，返回值为 N。如果 N 被 çœç•¥ï¼Œåˆ™è¿”回状æ€ä¸ºå‡½æ•°æˆ–脚本中最åŽä¸€ä¸ªè¢«æ‰§è¡Œçš„命令的返回状æ€ã€‚ 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回 N，或者如果 shell ä¸åœ¨æ‰§è¡Œä¸€ä¸ªå‡½æ•°æˆ–脚本时，返回失败。返回当å‰å­ä¾‹ç¨‹è°ƒç”¨çš„上下文。 ä¸å¸¦æœ‰ <表达å¼> 时，返回 "$line $filename"。带有 <表达å¼> 时， 返回 "$line $subroutine $filename"；这个é¢å¤–çš„ä¿¡æ¯å¯ä»¥ç”¨æ¥æä¾› 栈跟踪 (stack trace)。 <表达å¼> 的值表示从当å‰è°ƒç”¨å¸§éœ€è¦å›žåŽ»å¤šå°‘个调用帧；栈顶帧是第 0 帧。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回 0ï¼Œé™¤éž shell ä¸åœ¨æ‰§è¡Œä¸€ä¸ª shell 函数，或者 <表达å¼> 无效。返回当å‰å­ä¾‹ç¨‹è°ƒç”¨çš„上下文。 ä¸å¸¦æœ‰ <表达å¼> 时，返回 "$line $filename"。带有 <表达å¼> 时， 返回 "$line $subroutine $filename"；这个é¢å¤–çš„ä¿¡æ¯å¯ä»¥ç”¨æ¥æä¾› 栈跟踪 (stack trace)。 <表达å¼> 的值表示从当å‰è°ƒç”¨å¸§éœ€è¦å›žåŽ»å¤šå°‘个调用帧；栈顶帧是第 0 帧。è¿è¡Œä¸­æ®µé”™è¯¯ä»Žåˆ—表中选å–è¯å¹¶ä¸”执行命令。 <è¯è¯­> 被展开，生æˆä¸€ä¸ªè¯è¯­åˆ—表。展开åŽçš„è¯è¯­é›†åˆè¢«æ‰“å°åˆ° 标准错误，æ¯ä¸ªè¯è¯­å‰é¢æ‰“å°ä¸€ä¸ªæ•°å­—。如果没有 "in è¯è¯­" ，则å‡å®š 使用 `in "$@"'。然åŽï¼Œä¼šæ˜¾ç¤ºä¸€ä¸ª PS3 æç¤ºç¬¦ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸”ä»Žæ ‡å‡†è¾“å…¥è¯»å– ä¸€è¡Œã€‚å¦‚æžœè¯¥è¡Œæ˜¯æ‰€æ˜¾ç¤ºçš„è¯ä¹‹ä¸€æ‰€å¯¹åº”的数字，则 <å称> 被设定为 相应的è¯ã€‚如果该行为空，则会é‡æ–°æ˜¾ç¤º <è¯è¯­> å’Œæ示符。如果读到了 EOF，则命令完æˆã€‚读入任何其他的值会导致 <å称> å˜é‡è¢«è®¾å®šä¸ºç©ºã€‚ 读入的行被存放在å˜é‡ REPLY 中。<命令> 会在æ¯æ¬¡é€‰æ‹©ä¹‹åŽè¢«æ‰§è¡Œï¼Œ 直到执行到 break 命令。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回最åŽä¸€ä¸ªæ‰§è¡Œçš„命令的状æ€ã€‚å‘一个任务å‘é€ä¸€ä¸ªä¿¡å·ã€‚ å‘以 或者 <任务说明符> 指定的进程å‘é€ä¸€ä¸ªä»¥ <ä¿¡å·è¯´æ˜Žç¬¦> 或 <ä¿¡å·ç¼–å·> 指定的信å·ã€‚如果没有指定 <ä¿¡å·è¯´æ˜Žç¬¦> å’Œ <ä¿¡å·ç¼–å·>， 那么å‡å®šå‘é€ SIGTERM ä¿¡å·ã€‚ 选项： -s ä¿¡å· <ä¿¡å·> 是信å·å称 -n ä¿¡å· <ä¿¡å·> 是信å·ç¼–å· -l 列出所有信å·å称；如果 "-l" åŽæœ‰å‚数，则å‡å®šå®ƒä»¬æ˜¯ä¿¡å·ç¼–å·ï¼Œ 并列出对应的信å·å称 -L åŒ -l kill æˆä¸º shell 内建有两个ç†ç”±ï¼šå®ƒå…许使用任务 ID 代替进程 ID， 并且在您å¯ä»¥åˆ›å»ºçš„进程数达到上é™æ—¶ä»å¯ä»¥æ€æ­»è¿›ç¨‹ã€‚ 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†æ— æ•ˆçš„选项，或者有错误å‘生。设定 Readline 键绑定和å˜é‡ã€‚ 绑定一个键åºåˆ—到一个 Readline 函数或者å®ï¼Œæˆ–者设定一个 Readline å˜é‡ã€‚éžé€‰é¡¹å‚数的语法和 ~/.inputrc 文件的语法相åŒï¼Œ 但是必须以å•ä¸€å‚æ•°çš„å½¢å¼ä¼ é€’ç»™ bind， 例如，bind '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'。 选项： -m 键映射 在此命令执行过程中使用指定的 <键映射>。å¯è¢«æŽ¥å—çš„ 键映射å称有 emacsã€emacs-standardã€emacs-meta〠emacs-ctlxã€viã€vi-moveã€vi-command å’Œ vi-insert。 -l 列出函数å称。 -P 列出函数å称和绑定。 -p 以å¯ä»¥é‡æ–°ç”¨ä½œè¾“入的格å¼åˆ—出函数å称和绑定。 -S 列出å¯ä»¥å¯åŠ¨å®çš„é”®åºåˆ—以åŠå®ƒä»¬çš„值。 -s 以å¯ä»¥é‡æ–°ç”¨ä½œè¾“入的格å¼åˆ—出å¯ä»¥å¯åŠ¨å®çš„é”®åºåˆ— 以åŠå®ƒä»¬çš„值。 -V 列出å˜é‡å称以åŠå®ƒä»¬çš„值。 -v 以å¯ä»¥é‡æ–°ç”¨ä½œè¾“入的格å¼åˆ—出å˜é‡å称以åŠå®ƒä»¬çš„值。 -q 函数å 查询指定的函数å¯ä»¥ç”±å“ªäº›é”®å¯åŠ¨ã€‚ -u 函数å 解除绑定所有绑定至指定函数的键。 -r é”®åºåˆ— å–消 <é”®åºåˆ—> 的绑定。 -f 文件å 从 <文件å> 中读å–键绑定。 -x é”®åºåˆ—:shell-命令 当 <é”®åºåˆ—> 被输入时，执行 。 -X 以å¯ä»¥é‡æ–°ç”¨ä½œè¾“入的格å¼åˆ—出用 -x 绑定的键åºåˆ—和命令。 退出状æ€ï¼š bind 返回 0，除éžä½¿ç”¨äº†æ— æ³•è¯†åˆ«çš„选项，或者有错误å‘生。设定和å–消设定 shell 选项。 改å˜æ¯ä¸ª shell 选项 <选项å> 的设定。ä¸å¸¦é€‰é¡¹æ—¶ï¼Œåˆ—出æ¯ä¸ªæ供的 <选项å>，或者如果没有æä¾› <选项å> 时，列出所有 shell 选项，åŒæ—¶ 标注æ¯ä¸€ä¸ªé€‰é¡¹æ˜¯å¦è¢«è®¾å®šã€‚ 选项： -o é™åˆ¶ <选项å>，åªä½¿ç”¨å¯è¢« "set -o" 设置的选项 -p 打å°æ¯ä¸ª shell 选项并标注它的状æ€ã€‚ -q 阻止输出 -s å¯ç”¨ï¼ˆè®¾å®šï¼‰æ¯ä¸ª <选项å> -u ç¦ç”¨ï¼ˆå–消设定）æ¯ä¸ª <选项å> 退出状æ€ï¼š 如果 <选项å> 被å¯ç”¨åˆ™è¿”回æˆåŠŸï¼›å¦‚果使用了无效的选项，或者 <选项å> 被ç¦ç”¨ï¼Œåˆ™è¿”回失败。为 shell å˜é‡è®¾å®š "导出" 属性。 标记æ¯ä¸ª <å称>，将其自动导出到åŽç»­æ‰§è¡Œçš„命令的环境。 如果æ供了 <值>，则导出å‰å°†å…¶èµ‹å€¼ä¸º <值>。 选项： -f 所指代的是 shell 函数 -n 删除æ¯ä¸ª <å称> çš„ "导出" 属性 -p 显示所有导出的å˜é‡å’Œå‡½æ•°çš„列表 å‚æ•° "--" ç¦ç”¨åŽç»­çš„选项处ç†ã€‚ 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†æ— æ•ˆçš„选项，或者 <å称> 无效。设定或å–消设定 shell 选项和ä½ç½®å‚数的值。 æ”¹å˜ shell 属性和ä½ç½®å‚数的值，或者显示 shell å˜é‡çš„å称和值。 选项： -a 标记修改的或者创建的å˜é‡ä¸ºå¯¼å‡ºå˜é‡ã€‚ -b 在任务终止时立å³è¿›è¡Œé€šçŸ¥ã€‚ -e 如果一个命令以éžé›¶çŠ¶æ€é€€å‡ºï¼Œåˆ™ç«‹å³é€€å‡ºã€‚ -f ç¦ç”¨æ–‡ä»¶å生æˆï¼ˆé€šé…符匹é…）。 -h 查找命令时记ä½å®ƒä»¬çš„ä½ç½®ã€‚ -k 所有的赋值å‚数都会进入命令的环境，而ä¸ä»…仅是命令å称 之å‰çš„å‚数。 -m å¯ç”¨ä»»åŠ¡æŽ§åˆ¶ã€‚ -n 读å–命令但ä¸æ‰§è¡Œã€‚ -o 选项å 设定与 <选项å> 对应的å˜é‡ï¼š allexport 与 -a ç›¸åŒ braceexpand 与 -B ç›¸åŒ emacs 使用 emacs é£Žæ ¼çš„è¡Œç¼–è¾‘ç•Œé¢ errexit 与 -e ç›¸åŒ errtrace 与 -E ç›¸åŒ functrace 与 -T ç›¸åŒ hashall 与 -h ç›¸åŒ histexpand 与 -H ç›¸åŒ history å¯ç”¨å‘½ä»¤åŽ†å² ignoreeof shell 读å–到 EOF æ—¶ä¸ä¼šé€€å‡º interactive-comments å…许交互å¼å‘½ä»¤ä¸­å‡ºçŽ°æ³¨é‡Š keyword 与 -k ç›¸åŒ monitor 与 -m ç›¸åŒ noclobber 与 -C ç›¸åŒ noexec 与 -n ç›¸åŒ noglob 与 -f ç›¸åŒ nolog ç›®å‰å¯æŽ¥å—，但会被忽略 notify 与 -b ç›¸åŒ nounset 与 -u ç›¸åŒ onecmd 与 -t ç›¸åŒ physical 与 -P ç›¸åŒ pipefail æµæ°´çº¿çš„返回值是最åŽä¸€ä¸ªä»¥éžé›¶çŠ¶æ€é€€å‡ºçš„命令的退出 状æ€ï¼Œæˆ–者如果没有命令以éžé›¶çŠ¶æ€é€€å‡ºï¼Œåˆ™è¿”回零。 posix æ”¹å˜ bash 中默认æ“作和 Posix 标准ä¸åŒçš„行为， 以符åˆæ ‡å‡† privileged 与 -p ç›¸åŒ verbose 与 -v ç›¸åŒ vi 使用 vi é£Žæ ¼çš„è¡Œç¼–è¾‘ç•Œé¢ xtrace 与 -x ç›¸åŒ -p åªè¦çœŸå®žç”¨æˆ· ID 和有效用户 ID ä¸åŒ¹é…时就会被打开。 ç¦ç”¨å¯¹ $ENV 文件的处ç†ä»¥åŠ shell 函数的导入。关闭此选项 会导致有效 uid å’Œ gid 被设定为真实 uid å’Œ gid。 -t 读å–并执行一个命令之åŽé€€å‡ºã€‚ -u 替æ¢æ—¶å°†æœªè®¾å®šçš„å˜é‡è§†ä¸ºé”™è¯¯ã€‚ -v è¯»å– shell 输入行时将其打å°ã€‚ -x 执行命令时打å°å‘½ä»¤åŠå…¶å‚数。 -B shell 会执行大括å·å±•å¼€ã€‚ -C 设定之åŽï¼Œç¦æ­¢ä»¥é‡å®šå‘输出的方å¼è¦†ç›–普通文件。 -E 设定之åŽï¼ŒERR 陷阱会被 shell 函数继承。 -H å¯ç”¨ ! 风格的历å²æ›¿æ¢ã€‚当 shell 是交互å¼çš„时候这个标志默认打开。 -P 设定之åŽï¼Œå½“执行会改å˜å½“å‰ç›®å½•çš„命令，例如 cd 时，ä¸è§£æžç¬¦å·é“¾æŽ¥ã€‚ -T 设定之åŽï¼ŒDEBUG å’Œ RETURN 陷阱会被 shell 函数继承。 -- 将所有剩余的å‚数赋值给ä½ç½®å‚数。 如果没有剩余的å‚数，则å–消设定ä½ç½®å‚数。 - 将所有剩余的å‚数赋值给ä½ç½®å‚数。 关闭 -x å’Œ -v 选项。 使用 + 而ä¸æ˜¯ - 会关闭标志。标志也å¯ä»¥åœ¨ shell 被å¯åŠ¨æ—¶ä½¿ç”¨ã€‚当å‰å·²è®¾å®šçš„ 标志å¯ä»¥åœ¨ $- å˜é‡ä¸­æ‰¾åˆ°ã€‚剩余的 n 个 <å‚æ•°> 是ä½ç½®å‚æ•°ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸”ä¼šè¢«æŒ‰é¡ºåº èµ‹å€¼ç»™ $1, $2, .. $n。如果没有给定 <å‚æ•°>，则打å°æ‰€æœ‰çš„ shell å˜é‡ã€‚ 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†æ— æ•ˆçš„å‚数。设定å˜é‡çš„值和属性。 åŒ "declare"。å‚è§ "help declare"。设定å˜é‡çš„值和属性。 声明å˜é‡å¹¶ä¸”赋予它们属性。如果没有给定 <å称>， 则显示所有å˜é‡çš„属性和值。 选项： -f é™åˆ¶ä»…æ“作或显示函数的å称和定义 -F é™åˆ¶ä»…显示函数å称（以åŠè°ƒè¯•æ—¶æ˜¾ç¤ºè¡Œå·å’Œæºæ–‡ä»¶å） -g 在 shell 函数内部使用时创建全局å˜é‡ï¼›å¦åˆ™å¿½ç•¥ -I 当创建局部å˜é‡æ—¶ï¼Œç»§æ‰¿ä¸Šä¸€ä¸ªä½œç”¨åŸŸçš„åŒåå˜é‡çš„属性和值 -p 显示æ¯ä¸ª <å称> 的属性和值 设定属性的选项： -a 使 <å称> æˆä¸ºç´¢å¼•æ•°ç»„（如果支æŒï¼‰ -A 使 <å称> æˆä¸ºå…³è”数组（如果支æŒï¼‰ -i 使 <å称> 带有 "æ•´æ•°" (integer) 属性 -l å°† <å称> 的值在赋值时转æ¢ä¸ºå°å†™ -n 使 <å称> æˆä¸ºä¸€ä¸ªå¯¹ä»¥å®ƒçš„值为å称的å˜é‡çš„引用 -r å°† <å称> å˜ä¸ºåªè¯» -t 使 <å称> 带有 "跟踪" (trace) 属性 -u 使 <å称> 的值在赋值时转æ¢ä¸ºå¤§å†™ -x å°† <å称> 导出 用 "+" 代替 "-" 会关闭指定的属性。 带有 "æ•´æ•°" 属性的å˜é‡è¢«èµ‹å€¼æ—¶å°†ä½¿ç”¨ç®—æœ¯æ±‚å€¼ï¼ˆè§ "let" 命令）。 在函数中使用时，"declare" 使 <å称> æˆä¸ºå±€éƒ¨å˜é‡ï¼Œå’Œ "local" 命令一致。"-g" 选项阻止此行为。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†æ— æ•ˆçš„选项，或者å‘生å˜é‡èµ‹å€¼é”™è¯¯ã€‚匹é…关键字 "Shell 选项： 移ä½ä½ç½®å‚数。 å°†ä½ç½®å‚æ•° $N+1,$N+2 ... é‡å‘½å为 $1,$2 ...。如果没有给定 N， 则å‡å®š N 为 1。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éž N 为负数或者大于 $#ã€‚ä¿¡å· %d指定 Readline 如何补全å‚数。 指定对于æ¯ä¸€ä¸ª <å称> 如何补全å‚数。如果ä¸å¸¦é€‰é¡¹ï¼ŒçŽ°æœ‰çš„补全规约会以 å¯ä»¥é‡æ–°ç”¨ä½œè¾“入的格å¼æ‰“å°å‡ºæ¥ã€‚ 选项： -p 以å¯é‡ç”¨çš„æ ¼å¼æ‰“å°çŽ°æœ‰çš„补全规约 -r 对æ¯ä¸€ä¸ª <å称> 删除补全规约，或者，如果没有æä¾› <å称> ， 删除所有的补全规约 -D 设定默认的补全和动作，给没有定义补全规约的命令使用 -E 对于 "空" (empty) 命令设定补全动作 -- 对于空行的补全 -I 将补全和动作应用在首个å•è¯ï¼ˆé€šå¸¸æ˜¯æ‰€ç»™å‘½ä»¤ï¼‰ä¸Š å°è¯•è¡¥å…¨æ—¶ï¼ŒæŒ‰ç…§ä¸Šè¿°å¤§å†™å­—æ¯é€‰é¡¹çš„顺åºè¿›è¡ŒåŠ¨ä½œã€‚如果给出了多个选项， -D 选项优先级高于 -E 选项，且这两个选项优先级å‡é«˜äºŽ -I。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†æ— æ•ˆçš„选项，或者有错误å‘生。已åœæ­¢å·²åœæ­¢ï¼ˆä¿¡å·ï¼‰å·²åœæ­¢ï¼ˆtty 输入）已åœæ­¢ï¼ˆtty 输出）已åœæ­¢(%s)挂起 shell 的执行。 挂起此 shell 的执行，直到它收到 SIGCONT ä¿¡å·ã€‚ 登录 shell ä¸å¯ä»¥è¢«æŒ‚起，除éžå¼ºåˆ¶æ‰§è¡Œã€‚ 选项： -f 强制挂起，å³ä½¿æ­¤ shell 是登录 shell。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžæ²¡æœ‰å¯ç”¨ä»»åŠ¡æŽ§åˆ¶ï¼Œæˆ–者有错误å‘生。时间格å¼ï¼š"%c": 无效的格å¼å­—符已终止%s 中的邮件已被读过 有è¿è¡Œä¸­çš„任务。 有已åœæ­¢çš„任务。 在法律许å¯çš„情况下特此明示，本软件ä¸æ供任何担ä¿ã€‚这些 shell 命令是内部定义的。输入 "help" 以获å–本列表。 输入 "help å称" 以得到有关函数 "å称" 的更多信æ¯ã€‚ 使用 "info bash" æ¥èŽ·å¾—关于 shell 的更多一般性信æ¯ã€‚ 使用 "man -k" 或 "info" æ¥èŽ·å–ä¸åœ¨æœ¬åˆ—表中的命令的更多信æ¯ã€‚ å称æ—è¾¹çš„æ˜Ÿå· (*) 表示该命令被ç¦ç”¨ã€‚ 本软件是自由软件，您å¯ä»¥è‡ªç”±åœ°æ›´æ”¹å’Œé‡æ–°å‘布。为信å·å’Œå…¶ä»–事件设置陷阱。 定义并激活当 shell 接收到信å·æˆ–满足其他æ¡ä»¶æ—¶æ‰§è¡Œçš„处ç†ç¨‹åºã€‚ <å‚æ•°> 是当 shell 接收到 <ä¿¡å·è¯´æ˜Žç¬¦> 时读å–和执行的命令。如果 没有指定 <å‚æ•°>（并且åªç»™å‡ºä¸€ä¸ª <ä¿¡å·è¯´æ˜Žç¬¦>）或者 <å‚æ•°> 为 "-"， 则æ¯ä¸€ä¸ªæŒ‡å®šçš„ä¿¡å·ä¼šè¢«é‡ç½®ä¸ºåŽŸå§‹å€¼ã€‚如果 <å‚æ•°> 是空字符串，则æ¯ä¸€ä¸ª <ä¿¡å·è¯´æ˜Žç¬¦> 会被 shell 和它å¯åŠ¨çš„命令忽略。 如果一个 <ä¿¡å·è¯´æ˜Žç¬¦> 是 EXIT (0)，则 <å‚æ•°> 会在 shell 退出时被执行。 如果一个 <ä¿¡å·è¯´æ˜Žç¬¦> 是 DEBUG，则 <å‚æ•°> 会在æ¯ä¸€ä¸ªç®€å•å‘½ä»¤ä¹‹å‰æ‰§è¡Œã€‚ 如果一个 <ä¿¡å·è¯´æ˜Žç¬¦> 是 RETURN，则 <å‚æ•°> 会在æ¯ä¸€ä¸ª shell 函数或者 通过 . 或 source 内建执行的脚本执行结æŸæ—¶è¢«æ‰§è¡Œã€‚如果一个 <ä¿¡å·è¯´æ˜Žç¬¦> 是 ERR，则 <å‚æ•°> 会在命令返回失败，并且å‡å¦‚å¯ç”¨äº† -e 选项，本次失败就 会导致 shell 退出的情况下被执行。 如果ä¸æä¾›å‚数，trap 打å°ä¸Žæ¯ä¸€ä¸ªä¿¡å·ç›¸å…³è”的命令列表。 选项： -l 打å°ä¿¡å·å称以åŠå’Œå®ƒä»¬å¯¹åº”çš„ç¼–å·çš„列表 -p 打å°ä¸Žæ¯ä¸ª <ä¿¡å·è¯´æ˜Žç¬¦> 相关è”的陷阱命令 æ¯ä¸€ä¸ª <ä¿¡å·è¯´æ˜Žç¬¦> å¯ä»¥æ˜¯ 中的信å·å称或者信å·ç¼–å·ã€‚ä¿¡å·å称 是大å°å†™æ•æ„Ÿçš„，并且 SIG å‰ç¼€æ˜¯å¯é€‰çš„。å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç”¨ "kill -ä¿¡å· $$" ç»™ shell å‘é€ä¿¡å·ã€‚ 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†æ— æ•ˆçš„ <ä¿¡å·è¯´æ˜Žç¬¦>，或者无效的选项。请输入 `%s -c "help set"' 以获得关于 shell 选项的更多信æ¯ã€‚ 请输入 `%s -c help' 以获得关于 shell 内建命令的更多信æ¯ã€‚ æœªçŸ¥ä¿¡å· #%d未知错误未知状æ€å–消设定 shell å˜é‡å’Œå‡½æ•°çš„值和属性。 对于æ¯ä¸€ä¸ª <å称>，删除对应的å˜é‡æˆ–函数。 选项： -f å°†æ¯ä¸ª <å称> 视为 shell 函数 -v å°†æ¯ä¸ª <å称> 视为 shell å˜é‡ -n å°†æ¯ä¸ª <å称> 视为å称引用，并å–消设定该å˜é‡æœ¬èº«ï¼Œè€Œä¸æ˜¯ 其引用的å˜é‡ ä¸å¸¦é€‰é¡¹æ—¶ï¼Œunset 首先å°è¯•å–消设定一个å˜é‡ï¼Œå¦‚果失败，å†å°è¯•å–消设定 一个函数。 æŸäº›å˜é‡ä¸å¯ä»¥è¢«å–消设定；å‚è§ "readonly"。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†æ— æ•ˆçš„选项，或者 <å称> 为åªè¯»ã€‚紧急 I/O 状况用法： %s [GNU 长选项] [选项] ... %s [GNU 长选项] [选项] 脚本文件 ... 使用 "%s" 退出 shell 。 请使用 "bashbug" 命令æ¥æŠ¥å‘Šç¨‹åºé”™è¯¯ã€‚ 请将翻译错误报告到 。 ç”¨æˆ·ä¿¡å· 1ç”¨æˆ·ä¿¡å· 2等待任务完æˆå¹¶è¿”回退出状æ€ã€‚ 等待以 指定的进程，其中 å¯ä»¥æ˜¯è¿›ç¨‹ ID 或者任务说明符， 并报告它的终止状æ€ã€‚如果没有指定 ，则等待当å‰æ´»è·ƒçš„æ‰€æœ‰å­ è¿›ç¨‹ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸”è¿”å›žçŠ¶æ€ä¸ºé›¶ã€‚如果 是任务说明符，则等待该任务的 æµæ°´çº¿ä¸­çš„所有进程。 若给定了 -n 选项，从 列表中等待å•ä¸ªä»»åŠ¡å®Œæˆï¼Œæˆ–者， 如果没有æä¾› ，等待下一个任务完æˆå¹¶è¿”回其退出状æ€ã€‚ 若给定了 -p 选项, 被返回退出状æ€çš„任务的进程 ID 或任务 ID 将被赋值 给选项的å‚数指定的 <å˜é‡>。该å˜é‡ä¼šé¦–先被å–消设定，然åŽæ‰ä¼šè¿›è¡Œèµ‹å€¼ã€‚ 该选项åªæœ‰å’Œ -n 选项åŒæ—¶ä½¿ç”¨æ—¶æ‰æœ‰ç”¨ã€‚ 若给定了 -f 选项，且å¯ç”¨äº†ä»»åŠ¡æŽ§åˆ¶ï¼Œåˆ™ç­‰å¾…指定的 终止， 而ä¸æ˜¯ç­‰å¾…它改å˜çŠ¶æ€ã€‚ 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回最åŽä¸€ä¸ª 的状æ€ï¼›å¦‚果使用了无效的 ，或者使用了无效的 选项，或者给定了 -n 选项但 shell 没有尚未等待的å­è¿›ç¨‹ï¼Œåˆ™å¤±è´¥ã€‚等待进程完æˆå¹¶ä¸”返回退出状æ€ã€‚ 等待以 指定的进程并报告它的终止状æ€ã€‚如果没有æä¾› ï¼Œåˆ™ç­‰å¾…å½“å‰ æ‰€æœ‰æ´»è·ƒçš„å­è¿›ç¨‹ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸”返回ç ä¸ºé›¶ã€‚ 必须为进程 ID。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回最åŽä¸€ä¸ª 的状æ€ï¼›å¦‚æžœ 无效，或者使用了无效的选项，则失败。窗å£å·²æ”¹å˜å°†å‚数写到标准输出。 在标准输出上显示 <å‚æ•°>，åŽé¢è·Ÿä¸€ä¸ªæ¢è¡Œã€‚ 选项： -n ä¸è¦è¿½åŠ æ¢è¡Œ 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžæœ‰å†™å…¥é”™è¯¯å‘生。将å‚数写到标准输出。 在标准输出上显示 <å‚æ•°>，以空格隔开，åŽé¢è·Ÿä¸€ä¸ªæ¢è¡Œã€‚ 选项： -n ä¸è¦è¿½åŠ æ¢è¡Œ -e å¯ç”¨å¯¹ä¸‹åˆ—åæ–œæ è½¬ä¹‰å­—符的解释 -E 显å¼åœ°é˜»æ­¢å¯¹åæ–œæ è½¬ä¹‰å­—符的解释 "echo" 对下列åæ–œæ è½¬ä¹‰å­—符进行解释： \a 警报（å“铃） \b 退格 \c 阻止åŽç»­çš„输出 \e 转义字符 \E 转义字符 \f æ¢é¡µ \n æ¢è¡Œ \r 回车 \t 水平制表符 \v 垂直制表符 \\ åæ–œæ  \0nnn ASCII ç ä¸º NNN（八进制）的字符。NNN å¯ä»¥æ˜¯ 0 至 3 ä½çš„八进制数。 \xHH 值为 HH（å六进制）的 8 ä½å­—符。HH å¯ä»¥æ˜¯ä¸€è‡³ä¸¤ä½çš„å六进制数。 \uHHHH 值为 HHHH（å六进制）的 Unicode 字符。HHHH å¯ä»¥æ˜¯ä¸€è‡³å››ä½çš„ å六进制数。 \UHHHHHHHH 值为 HHHHHHHH（å六进制）的 Unicode 字符。 HHHHHHHH å¯ä»¥æ˜¯ä¸€è‡³å…«ä½çš„å六进制数。 退出状æ€ï¼š 返回æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžæœ‰å†™å…¥é”™è¯¯å‘生。您在 $_ 中有邮件您在 $_ 中有新邮件[ å‚æ•°... ][[ è¡¨è¾¾å¼ ]]"%c": 错误的命令"%c": 无效的格å¼å­—符"%c": 无效的符å·æ¨¡å¼å­—符"%c": 无效的符å·æ¨¡å¼è¿ç®—符"%c": 指定的时间格å¼æ— æ•ˆ"%s": 无法解除绑定"%s": 无法解除绑定命令键映射"%s": 无效的别å"%s": 无效的键映射å"%s": å称引用å˜é‡å¼•ç”¨çš„å˜é‡å无效"%s": 是特殊内建"%s": 缺少格å¼å­—符"%s": ä¸æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ª pid 或有效的任务说明符"%s": ä¸æ˜¯æœ‰æ•ˆçš„标识符"%s": 未知的函数åéœ€è¦ ")"éœ€è¦ ")"，å´æ‰¾åˆ° %sæ¡ä»¶è¡¨è¾¾å¼éœ€è¦ ":"add_process: pid %5ld (%s) 标记为ä»å­˜æ´»alias [-p] [å称[=值] ... ]all_local_variables: 当å‰ä½œç”¨åŸŸä¸­æ²¡æœ‰å‡½æ•°ä¸Šä¸‹æ–‡å‚数需è¦å‚数需è¦æ•°ç»„å˜é‡æ”¯æŒå°è¯•ç»™éžå˜é‡èµ‹å€¼æ•°ç»„下标ä¸æ­£ç¡®é”™è¯¯çš„命令类型错误的æ¡ä»¶è¿žæŽ¥ç¬¦é”™è¯¯çš„跳转错误的替æ¢ï¼šåœ¨ %s ä¸­æ²¡æœ‰å³ "`"错误的替æ¢ï¼šåœ¨ %2$s ä¸­æ²¡æœ‰å³ `%1$s'bash 主页： bash_execute_unix_command: 无法找到命令的键映射bg [任务说明符 ...]bgp_delete: LOOP: psi (%d) == storage[psi].bucket_nextbgp_search: LOOP: psi (%d) == storage[psi].bucket_nextbind [-lpvsPSVX] [-m 键映射] [-f 文件å] [-q å称] [-u å称] [-r é”®åºåˆ—] [-x é”®åºåˆ—:shell-命令] [é”®åºåˆ—:readline-函数 或 readline-命令]大括å·å±•å¼€ï¼šæ— æ³•ä¸º %s 分é…内存大括å·å±•å¼€ï¼šä¸º %u 个元素分é…内存失败大括å·å±•å¼€ï¼šä¸º "%s"分é…内存失败break [n]bug: 错误的表达å¼èµ‹å€¼è®°å·builtin [shell-内建 [å‚æ•° ...]]caller [表达å¼]åªèƒ½åœ¨å‡½æ•°æˆ–者被 source 的脚本中使用 "return"åªèƒ½åœ¨å‡½æ•°ä¸­ä½¿ç”¨æ— æ³•ä»Žæ–‡ä»¶æ述符 %d 为 bash 的输入分é…一个新的文件æ述符无法为立å³æ–‡æ¡£åˆ›å»ºä¸´æ—¶æ–‡ä»¶ï¼š%s无法å¤åˆ¶æ–‡ä»¶æ述符 %d 到文件æ述符 %d无法将命åç®¡é“ %s 作为文件æ述符 %d å¤åˆ¶æ— æ³•åœ¨å…±äº«ç›®æ ‡ %2$s 中找到 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[n]coproc [å称] 命令 [é‡å®šå‘]无法找到 /tmp，请创建ï¼cprintf: "%c": 无效的格å¼å­—符当å‰declare [-aAfFgiIlnrtux] [å称[=值] ...] 或 declare -p [-aAfFilnrtux] [å称 ...]删除进程组 %2$ld 中已åœæ­¢çš„任务 %1$ddescribe_pid: %ld: æ— æ­¤ pid目录栈为空目录栈索引dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]disown [-h] [-ar] [任务说明符 ... | pid ...]除以 0动æ€åŠ è½½ä¸å¯ç”¨echo [-n] [å‚æ•° ...]echo [-neE] [å‚æ•° ...]空的数组å˜é‡åenable [-a] [-dnps] [-f 文件å] [å称 ...]获å–终端属性时出错：%s导入 "%s" 的函数定义时出错设定终端属性时出错：%seval [å‚æ•° ...]eval: 超出最大 eval 嵌套层数 (%d)exec [-cl] [-a å称] [命令 [å‚æ•° ...]] [é‡å®šå‘ ...]execute_coproc: 副进程 [%d:%s] ä»ç„¶å­˜åœ¨exit [n]éœ€è¦ ")"指数å°äºŽ 0export [-fn] [å称[=值] ...] 或 export -p需è¦è¡¨è¾¾å¼è¶…出表达å¼é€’归层数上é™fc [-e 编辑器å] [-lnr] [起始] [终止] 或 fc -s [模å¼=替æ¢ä¸²] [命令]fg [任务说明符]文件æ述符超出范围需è¦æ–‡ä»¶åå‚æ•°for (( 表达å¼1; 表达å¼2; 表达å¼3 )); do 命令; donefor å称 [in è¯è¯­ ... ] ; do 命令; done进程å¤åˆ¶ (fork) 产生的 pid %d 出现在è¿è¡Œä¸­çš„任务 %d 中格å¼è§£æžå‡ºçŽ°é—®é¢˜ï¼š%sfree: 调用时用了已ç»é‡Šæ”¾çš„å—作为å‚æ•°free: 调用时用了未分é…çš„å—作为å‚æ•°free: 起始和末尾组å—大å°ä¸ä¸€è‡´free: 检测到下溢；magic8 æŸåfree: 检测到下溢；mh_nbytes 超出范围function å称 { 命令 ; } 或 name () { 命令 ; }未æ¥ç‰ˆæœ¬çš„ shell 会强制求值为算术替æ¢getcwd: 无法访问父目录getopts 选项字符串 å称 [å‚æ•° ...]hash [-lr] [-p 路径å] [-dt] [å称 ...]å·²ç¦ç”¨å“ˆå¸Œhelp [-dms] [æ¨¡å¼ ...]帮助在当å‰ç‰ˆæœ¬ä¸­ä¸å¯ç”¨ç«‹å³æ–‡æ¡£åœ¨ç¬¬ %d 行被文件结æŸç¬¦åˆ†éš”ï¼ˆéœ€è¦ "%s"）history [-c] [-d å移é‡] [n] 或 history -anrw [文件å] 或 history -ps å‚æ•° [å‚æ•°...]历å²ä½ç½®åŽ†å²è¯´æ˜Žç¬¦å‘½ä¸­ 命令 å‰ç¼€è‡ªå¢žæˆ–å‰ç¼€è‡ªå‡è¿ç®—符之åŽéœ€è¦æ ‡è¯†ç¬¦if 命令; then 命令; [ elif 命令; then 命令; ]... [ else 命令; ] fiinitialize_job_control: getpgrp 失败initialize_job_control: 行规则initialize_job_control: åŽå°æ— ä»»åŠ¡æŽ§åˆ¶initialize_job_control: setpgid无效的算术底数无效的底数%2$s çš„ exportstr 中有无效的字符 %1$d无效的å六进制数无效的整数常数无效的数字无效的八进制数无效的信å·ç¼–å·åœ¨ä¸å¸¦ä»»åŠ¡æŽ§åˆ¶çš„情况下å¯åŠ¨äº†ä»»åŠ¡ %d任务说明符 [&]jobs [-lnprs] [任务说明符 ...] 或 jobs -x 命令 [å‚æ•°]kill [-s ä¿¡å·è¯´æ˜Žç¬¦ | -n ä¿¡å·ç¼–å· | -ä¿¡å·è¯´æ˜Žç¬¦] pid | 任务说明符 ... 或 kill -l [ä¿¡å·è¯´æ˜Žç¬¦]上一个命令：%s let å‚æ•° [å‚æ•° ...]é™åˆ¶ç¬¬ %d 行：未å¯ç”¨è¡Œç¼–辑%s 的加载函数返回失败 (%d)：未加载local [选项] å称[=值] ...注销 logout [n]循环计数make_here_document: 错误的指令类型 %dmake_local_variable: 当å‰ä½œç”¨åŸŸä¸­æ²¡æœ‰å‡½æ•°ä¸Šä¸‹æ–‡make_redirection: é‡å®šå‘指令 "%d" 超出范围malloc: 空闲列表中的å—æŸåmalloc: 断言失败：%s mapfile [-d 分隔符] [-n 计数] [-O 起始] [-s 计数] [-t] [-u fd] [-C 回调] [-c é—´éš”] [数组]超出最大立å³æ–‡æ¡£è®¡æ•°è¿ç§»è¿›ç¨‹è‡³å¦ä¸€ä¸ª CPU缺少 ")"缺少 "]"使用了 \x 但缺少å六进制数使用了 \%c 但缺少 unicode æ•°ä¸æ”¯æŒç½‘络æ“作%s çš„ exportstr 中没有 "="%2$s ä¸­æ²¡æœ‰å³ `%1$c'未找到命令没有与 "%s" 匹é…的帮助主题。å°è¯•ä½¿ç”¨ "help help" 或 "man -k %s" 或 "info %s"。无任务控制此 shell 中无任务控制无匹é…：%s无其他目录其他选项ä¸èƒ½ä¸Ž "-x" åŒæ—¶ä½¿ç”¨å½“å‰æœªåœ¨æ‰§è¡Œè¡¥å…¨å‡½æ•°ä¸æ˜¯ç™»å½• shell：使用 "exit"空值目录八进制数仅在 "for"ã€"while" 或者 "until" 循环中有æ„义管é“错误pop_scope: shell_variables 的头部ä¸æ˜¯ä¸´æ—¶çŽ¯å¢ƒä½œç”¨åŸŸpop_var_context: shell_variables 的头部ä¸æ˜¯å‡½æ•°ä¸Šä¸‹æ–‡pop_var_context: 没有 global_variables 上下文popd [-n] [+N | -N]å³å°†åœç”µåœ¨äº¤äº’å¼ shell 中将忽略美化输出模å¼print_command: 错误的æ¡ä»¶è¿žæŽ¥ç¬¦ "%d"printf [-v var] æ ¼å¼ [å‚æ•°]progcomp_insert: %s: COMPSPEC 为 NULLprogrammable_completion: %s: å¯èƒ½çš„é‡è¯•å¾ªçŽ¯ç¼–程错误pushd [-n] [+N | -N | 目录]pwd [-LP]read [-ers] [-a 数组] [-d 分隔符] [-i 文本] [-n 字符数] [-N 字符数] [-p æ示符] [-t 超时] [-u fd] [å称 ...]读å–错误：%d: %sreadarray [-d 分隔符] [-n 计数] [-O 起始] [-s 计数] [-t] [-u fd] [-C 回调] [-c é—´éš”] [数组]readonly [-aAf] [å称[=值] ...] 或 readonly -prealloc: 调用时用了未分é…çš„å—作为å‚æ•°realloc: 起始和末尾组å—大å°ä¸ä¸€è‡´realloc: 检测到下溢；magic8 æŸårealloc: 检测到下溢；mh_nbytes 超出范围递归栈下溢é‡å®šå‘错误：无法å¤åˆ¶æ–‡ä»¶æ述符register_alloc: %p 已在表中显示为已分é…？ register_alloc: 使用 FIND_ALLOC 时分é…表已满？ register_free: %p 已在表中显示为未分é…？ å—é™return [n]run_pending_traps: 错误的 trap_list[%d] 值：%prun_pending_traps: ä¿¡å·å¤„ç†ç¨‹åºæ˜¯ SIG_DFL，é‡æ–°å‘é€ %d (%s) 给自己save_bash_input: 新的文件æ述符 %d 的缓冲区已存在select å称 [in è¯è¯­ ... ;] do 命令; doneset [-abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [-o 选项å] [--] [-] [å‚æ•° ...]setlocale: %s: 无法改å˜åŒºåŸŸè®¾ç½® (%s)setlocale: %s: 无法改å˜åŒºåŸŸè®¾ç½® (%s)：%ssetlocale: LC_ALL: 无法改å˜åŒºåŸŸè®¾ç½® (%s)setlocale: LC_ALL: 无法改å˜åŒºåŸŸè®¾ç½® (%s)：%sshell 层数 (%d) 太高，é‡ç½®ä¸º 1shell_getc: shell_input_line_size (%zu) 超过 SIZE_MAX (%lu)：行已被截断shift [n]移ä½æ¬¡æ•°shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [选项å ...]sigprocmask: %d: 无效的æ“作source 文件å [å‚æ•°]start_pipeline: 进程组管é“suspend [-f]语法错误æ¡ä»¶è¡¨è¾¾å¼ä¸­æœ‰è¯­æ³•é”™è¯¯æ¡ä»¶è¡¨è¾¾å¼ä¸­æœ‰è¯­æ³•é”™è¯¯ï¼šæœªé¢„æœŸçš„è®°å· "%s"表达å¼ä¸­æœ‰è¯­æ³•é”™è¯¯å˜é‡èµ‹å€¼ä¸­æœ‰è¯­æ³•é”™è¯¯"%s" é™„è¿‘æœ‰è¯­æ³•é”™è¯¯æœªé¢„æœŸçš„è®°å· "%s" 附近有语法错误语法错误：未预期的 "%s"语法错误："((%s))"语法错误：未预期的 ";"语法错误：需è¦ç®—术表达å¼è¯­æ³•é”™è¯¯ï¼šæ— æ•ˆçš„算术è¿ç®—符语法错误：需è¦æ“作数语法错误：未预期的文件结æŸç¬¦ç³»ç»Ÿå³å°†å´©æºƒtest [表达å¼]time [-p] æµæ°´çº¿å‚数太多trap [-lp] [[å‚æ•°] ä¿¡å·è¯´æ˜Žç¬¦ ...]trap handler: 超出最大的 trap handler 层数 (%d)trap_handler: é”™è¯¯çš„ä¿¡å· %dtype [-afptP] å称 [å称 ...]typeset [-aAfFgiIlnrtux] å称[=值] ... 或 typeset -p [-aAfFilnrtux] [å称 ...]ulimit [-SHabcdefiklmnpqrstuvxPRT] [é™åˆ¶]umask [-p] [-S] [模å¼]unalias [-a] å称 [å称 ...]寻找 "]]" æ—¶é‡åˆ°äº†æœªé¢„期的 EOF寻找匹é…çš„ `%c' æ—¶é‡åˆ°äº†æœªé¢„期的 EOF寻找匹é…çš„ ")" æ—¶é‡åˆ°äº†æœªé¢„期的 EOF二元æ¡ä»¶è¿ç®—符使用了未预期的å‚æ•° "%s"一元æ¡ä»¶è¿ç®—符使用了未预期的å‚æ•° "%s"二元æ¡ä»¶è¿ç®—符使用了未预期的å‚数一元æ¡ä»¶è¿ç®—符使用了未预期的å‚æ•°æ¡ä»¶å‘½ä»¤ä¸­æœ‰æœªé¢„æœŸçš„è®°å· %dæ¡ä»¶å‘½ä»¤ä¸­æœ‰æœªé¢„æœŸçš„è®°å· "%c"æ¡ä»¶å‘½ä»¤ä¸­æœ‰æœªé¢„æœŸçš„è®°å· "%s"æœªé¢„æœŸçš„è®°å· "%s"，需è¦äºŒå…ƒæ¡ä»¶è¿ç®—ç¬¦æœªé¢„æœŸçš„è®°å· "%s"ï¼Œéœ€è¦ ")"未知未知的命令错误unset [-f] [-v] [-n] [å称 ...]until 命令; do 命令-2; done值对于底数而言过大variables - 一些 shell å˜é‡çš„å称和å«ä¹‰wait [-fn] [-p å˜é‡] [id ...]wait [pid ...]wait: pid %ld ä¸æ˜¯å½“å‰ shell çš„å­è¿›ç¨‹wait_for: 没有进程 %ld 的记录wait_for_job: 任务 %d å·²åœæ­¢waitchld: 打开 WNOHANG 以é¿å…æ— é™é˜»å¡žè­¦å‘Šï¼šè­¦å‘Šï¼š%s: %s警告：-C 选项å¯èƒ½ä¸åƒæ‚¨é¢„期的那样工作警告：-F 选项å¯èƒ½ä¸åƒæ‚¨é¢„期的那样工作while 命令; do 命令-2; done写入错误：%sxtrace fd (%d) != fileno xtrace fp (%d)xtrace_set: %d: 无效的文件æ述符xtrace_set: 文件指针为 NULL{ 命令 ; }